Ultima Thule Ancient Planetestimal in the Outer Solar System

Early in the morning hours (eastern time) on January 1, 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft sped past the most distant explored object in the solar system. The tiny planetesimal it encountered is called 2014 MU69, nicknamed Ultima Thule. That term means beyond the known world and was chosen as a temporary name for the object during a public naming competition in 2018.   Fast Facts: Ultima Thule 2014 MU69 Ultima Thule is an ancient planetesimal orbiting in the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune. It is probably made largely of ice and its surface is reddish.Ultima Thule is more than 44 astronomical units from Earth (an AU is 150 million kilometers, the distance between Earth and the Sun).Two lobes, named Ultima and Thule, make up the body of this planetesimal. They attached early in solar system history in a gentle collision.The New Horizons mission has been traveling to the outer solar system since its launch on January 19, 2006. It will continue through the solar system,  through the Oort Cloud, and eventually to interstellar space. It has enough power to continue exploration through the 2020s. What Is Ultima Thule?   This tiny object orbits the Sun out in a region of space called the Kuiper Belt, well beyond the orbit of Neptune. Since Ultima Thule lies out in that region, its sometimes referred to as a trans-Neptunian object. As with many planetesimals there, Ultima Thule is a mainly icy object. Its orbit is 298 Earth-years long, and it gets only a tiny fraction of the sunlight that Earth receives. Planetary scientists have long been interested in little worldlets like this one because they date back to the formation of the solar system. Their distant orbits preserve them in very cold temperatures, and that also preserves scientific information about what conditions were like some 4.5 billion years ago, when the Sun and planets were forming.   This perspective view shows the path of NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft (yellow) through the outer solar system and the Kuiper Belt. The orbits of the terrestrial and giant planets are shown in blue. The dots show the locations of representative asteroids, close to the Sun, and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs), which are mostly beyond the orbit of Neptune, the outermost giant planet. NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker Exploring Ultima Thule Ultima Thule was the target of a hunt for another object to study by the New Horizons spacecraft after its successful flyby of Pluto in July 2015. It had been spotted in 2014 by the Hubble Space Telescope as part of a survey for distant objects beyond Pluto in the Kuiper Belt. The team decided to program the spacecrafts trajectory to Ultima Thule. To get an accurate idea of its size, New Horizons scientists programmed ground-based observations of this little world as it occulted (passed in front of) a more distant set of stars during its orbit. Those observations in 2017 and 2018 were successful and gave the New Horizons team a good idea of the size and shape of Ultima Thule. Armed with that information, they programmed the spacecrafts path and science instruments to observe this dark distant planetesimal during the January 1, 2019 flyby. The spacecraft flew past at a distance of 3,500 kilometers at a speed of just over 14 kilometers per second. Data and images began streaming back to Earth and will continue until late 2020. The scene in mission control at Johns Hopkins Applied physics lab when the first clear image of Ultima Thule arrived on January 1, 2019. NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute For the flyby, the New Horizons team invited friends, family, and press. To celebrate the close flyby, which took place at 12:33 a.m. (EST) on January 1, 2019, the combined visitors and team held what one newspaper called the geekiest New Years party ever. One special part of the celebration was the performance of an anthem for New Horizons by Dr. Brian May, astrophysicist member of the New Horizons team and former lead guitarist for the rock group Queen. To date, Ultima Thule is the most distant known body ever explored by a spacecraft. Once the Ultima Thule flyby was done, and the data transmissions began, the spacecraft swung its attention to more distant worlds in the Kuiper Belt, possibly for future flybys. The Scoop on Ultima Thule Based on data and images taken at Ultima Thule, planetary scientists have found and explored the first contact binary object in the Kuiper Belt. Its 31 kilometers long and has two lobes joined to form a collar around one part of the object. The lobes are named Ultima and Thule respectively for the small and large components.  This ancient planetesimal is thought to be made largely of ice, with perhaps some rocky material mixed in. Its surface is very dark and may be covered with organic materials created as the icy surface was bombarded by ultraviolet radiation from the distant Sun. Ultima Thule lies  6,437,376,000 kilometers away from Earth and it took more than six hours to send a one-way message to or from the spacecraft.   The first color images of 2014 MU69 Ultima Thule. The reddish material is likely a coating created by ultraviolet light interactions with the ices.   NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute Whats Important About Ultima Thule? Due to its distance from the Sun and its steady orbit in the plane of the solar system, Ultima Thule is thought to be whats called a cold classical Kuiper Belt object. That means it has likely orbited in the same place throughout much of its history.  Its shape is interesting because the two lobes indicate that Ultima Thule is made of two objects that gently drifted together and remained stuck to each other for most of the objects history. Its spin indicates motion that was imparted to Ultima Thule during the collision and it hasnt spun down yet.   There appear to be craters on Ultima Thule, as well as other features on its red surface. It doesnt appear to have any satellites or a ring surrounding it and theres no discernible atmosphere. During the flyby, specialized instruments onboard New Horizons scanned its surface in various wavelengths of light to learn more about the chemical properties of the reddish surface. What those observations and others reveal will help planetary scientists understand more about conditions in the early solar system and out in the Kuiper Belt, which is already being called the third regime of the solar system. Sources New Horizons, pluto.jhuapl.edu/Ultima/Ultima-Thule.php.â€Å"New Horizons Successfully Explores Ultima Thule – Solar System Exploration: NASA Science.† NASA, NASA, 1 Jan. 2019, solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/807/new-horizons-successfully-explores-ultima-thule/.Official, Queen. YouTube, YouTube, 31 Dec. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?vj3Jm5POCAj8.Talbert, Tricia. â€Å"NASAs New Horizons Makes First Detection of Kuiper Belt.† NASA, NASA, 28 Aug. 2018, www.nasa.gov/feature/ultima-in-view-nasa-s-new-horizons-makes-first-detection-of-kuiper-belt-flyby-target.

Effects Of Technology On Society s Society - 1092 Words

Can you live a day without your phone, tablet, computer? Well you probably could, but it probably wouldn’t be enjoyable. Well, how about a day without bullying, depression, and impolite people? Now that is a day most would probably wish for. Society wants to have causes these wretched events, but doesn’t want to accept that what they want is the main cause of these issues; technology. The lack of interaction that has come along with technology is what is causing severe downfalls in today’s society. This lack of interaction is causing this fall due to its harm of social skills, its harm on people’s enjoyment of life, and its easy ignition of conflicts. Now, some people will argue that this lack of interaction actually has its benefits, which it does, but they are very small when in comparison to its harm on society. Some believe that small economic gains and gradual intellectual advantages that have come for this lack of interaction should top the horrendou s amount of social harm. They believe that with this lack it becomes an opportunity for more technological jobs to arise, more developments in science and math fields, and for the opportunities to arise for people to become more intellectually educated. However, these gains can be broken down with the sanction that society cannot function properly and make these gains with technology bringing people down emotionally and physically. Others may also argue that technology makes peoples’ life better overall; however, inShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1246 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Technology on Society Many years ago, historians believe the future would be an amazing technologically advanced place filled with robots and time traveling. But today no one seems to be shocked by all of the advancements (Negative Effects of Technology). The computers are controlling minds, and humans are acting more as robots than citizens. 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If we look at the idea of technology from both sides, it isRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesLike an addict waiting for their next high, society has become more and more dependent on social media. One must realize, while the use of social media in today’s society is a necessity due to the fast-paced environment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimila te in a society dominated by social media. The actions ofRead MoreA critical analysis of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1334 Words   |  6 PagesTechnological Advancements Ray Bradbury s novel, Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953, depicts a grim and also quite feasible prediction of a futuristic world. 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Contract Unjust Enrichment and Unconscionability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Unconscionability and How it May Mean A Contract Cannot be Enforced. Answer: With the ever increasing number of consumers, there has been a need to find ways to redress according to the statutory provisions oflaw and also according to common law. This need arose due to the fact that a large number of consumers were disadvantaged as a result of unfair that this is adopted by the businesses (Paterson, Robertson and Duke, 2009). In the present research paper, the changes that have taken place in statutorylaw as well as the commonlaw on the basis of the outcome of the legal dispute that was decided by the court in commercial Bank of Australia Ltd. v Amadio (1983). Therefore in the present assignment, the impact of unconscionability on the contracts created between the parties will be evaluated. It needs to be mentioned in this context that Amadio can be described as the first case in which the court had relied upon unconscionable conduct and therefore this case is considered as the driving force behind the introduction of the amendment of unconscionability relate d with the law of contract in Australia (Grantham and Rickett, 2001). At the same time, there has been an increase in the consumer protection legislation that has been introduced with a view to provide justice to the consumers and enforcing the unconscionable conduct clause in case of contractual relations between the parties (Kremer, 2001). Generally the ownership of a particular business transaction lies with the trader and therefore, also the responsibility to make sure that the transaction between the parties is fair and reasonable. As a doctrine of contract law, unconscionable conduct has been designed in the beginning for the purpose of upholding equity and fair play (Paterson, Robertson and Duke, 2009). In this regard, the term unconscionable conduct is related with the behavior where relief can be provided to the other party by the court. The High Court had relied upon this doctrine in the case of Blomley v Ryan (1956). However, the applicability of this doctrine was further strengthened when the court relied upon this doctrine while deciding commercial Bank of Australia Ltd. v Amadio (1983). Before proceeding further, it will be helpful to briefly discuss the facts of Amadio case. In this case, an elderly couple, who had migrated from Italy, Mr. and Mrs. Amadio had stood as guarantors for the loan taken by the company owned by their son from Commercial Bank of Australia. In this case, the bank manager was in close contact with their son, Vincenzo Amadio. The bank manager had good understanding regarding business realities, and he was also aware of the fact that probably the son had misrepresented the facts in order to prepare his parents to stand as guarantors for the loan taken by him. Later on, the construction business of the company of Vincenzo Amadio failed and as a result, the bank tried to enforce the guarantee given by the elderly couple by mortgaging the building that was owned by them. The issue that had to be decided by the court in this case was if the Amadios were bound by the transaction and therefore the contract of guarantee can be enforced against them under the circumstances in which they have signed it. It needs to be noted in this regard that the migrant couple from Italy had very little understanding of English language. Before entering into the contract, the elderly couple was not given any professional and independent advice regarding the contract. At the same time, although the manager of the bank, Mr. Virgo had knowledge regarding the business situation of the company of their son, Vincenzo Amadio but he failed to advise the Amadios that we should seek independent advice before entering into the contract. When the mortgage was being executed by the elderly couple, the bank had some knowledge regarding the unstable financial condition of their son and at the same time, it was also aware of the fact that probably the Amadios were not aware of this fact. Moreover, in this case it was assumed by the Amadios that their liability will be restricted to $50,000 while the bank failed to inform the elderly couple that no limit was present on their liability as the guarantors for their son. Therefore, while deciding the case, Manson J, had stated that the manager of the bank was aware of the special disability of the elderly couple and still he failed to take any steps in order to ensure that they fully comprehended the nature of transaction they were going to enter. As a result, it can be said in this case that the bank had taken an advantage of the opportunity that was present before it and this in itself can be described as unconscientious. The court stated that this is the underlying bases o n which the clause of unconscionability relies upon. As a result of the decision given by the court in this case, a new concept has been added to the common law and the contract law. At the same time, these changes were also introduced in the statutory law of Australia. There are two ways to distinguish the term unconscionability. First is the procedural unconscionability, which is related with the disadvantage that has been suffered by a weaker party during the negotiations. In such a case, an advantage is taken by the stronger party of the fact that the consumer is either lacking sufficient knowledge or understanding regarding the contract or the consumer is not in a position to make an independent decision regarding the transaction (Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson, 1990). In such a case, the trader fails to point out to the consumer that there are avenues for getting help to clearly understand the terms of the contract. Therefore in such a case, it can be said that the trader has taken an advantage of the lack of under standing on the part of the consumer for his own benefit (Louth v Diprose, 1992). On the other hand, substantive unconscionability is related with the unfairness of the terms of the contract or its outcome. At the same time, it may also indicate that undue influence or coercion was present in case of a particular contract. In such a case, the consumer is unable to make an independent decision due to the recent that undue influence is present on the consumer. Generally it has been seen that the court will not go into the question. If a party has achieved a good bargain are bad bargain, but it will see if such a party had a chance to properly decide what was in their best interests while entering into the contract. Due to reason that generally in case of unconscionability, there is an imbalance in the bargaining power of the parties, individuals and small companies can easily make an allegation of unconscionability against the large corporations. In this way, the doctrine of unconscionability has been introduced with a view to make sure that the stronger party should be aware of the disadvantage suffered by the other party. The decision given in Amadio case suggests that in case the stronger party is successful in establishing and the court that a fair, just and reasonable contract has been created between the parties, the court may not impugn the transaction. A number of developments have also taken place in this territory law of the decision given by the Court in Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983). These includes the changes made in the earlier Trade Practices Act, 1974, the Corporations Act, 2001 and the ASIC, 2001 and also the different codes of conduct that were applicable in the industry. For example, reforms were introduced in case of the financial services sector on first July, 1990. As a part of these changes, the prime responsibility has been given to the ASIC to deal with the issues concerning consumer and small business protection in the financial sector. The respective application of the above mentioned the types of unconscionable conduct provisions to the contracts related financial services is decided by considering the particular exclusion clauses and the definitions provided by the ASIC Act in section 12 CA, CB and CC. Even if the financial services and products have been defined clearly by the ASIC, 2001, the pr ovisions related with the unconscionable conduct under this legislation reflect the provisions that were present in the Trade Practices Act, 1974, and as a result, equivalent compliance obligations are present for the businesses when they are dealing in financial services. In this regard, certain remedies are available to the consumers provided by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The law provides the ACCC to take administrative or court action against any individual or business if it suspects that it is involved in unconscionable conduct that is in breach of the law the action that will be taken by the Commission. In such a case will depend on the priorities of the ACCC and on the nature of the conduct. There are several forms in which administrative action can be taken by the Commission. For instance, a request can be made by the ACCC that someone should stop particular conduct or to change particular trading practices. In case of some serious examples, the Commission may accept an enforceable undertaking from the individual or the company concerned and make these public. Written undertakings can be enforced by the courts on the basis of an application made by the Commission. On the other hand, if a particular matter cannot be resol ved by taking administrative steps, which is available to the Commission to take court action. The law allows the ACCC to seek injunctions or other orders from the court against the business. Similarly, the commission can take a decision on behalf of the consumers and represents the consumers. If they are going to lose something in a particular transaction due to the unconscionable conduct of the other party that is in contravention of the law. The Financial and Consumer Rights Council, Victoria is the apex body for financial counselors in Victoria. The Council provides resources and support to the financial counselors and promotes the needs of the consumers who are facing financial problems (Beatson and Virgo, (2002). The Council also provides support, information and advocacy to the consumers in Victoria who are facing financial difficulties in Victoria. The FCRC works, along with the community sectors and its services are confidential, independent and free for the consumers. The main purpose behind providing these services is to advocate for the vulnerable consumers in Victoria, who are facing financial difficulties and for this purpose the Council supports the financial counselors and also helps through stakeholder relationships for creating a systemic change. In the same way, the financial counseling sector is supported by the Council through advocacy, case work and law reform and by adopting and maintaining best pract ices. In this regard, consumer advocacy can be described as providing a voice to the consumers. This view has been supported by a review of the history of consumer advocacy in Australia, the literature in which the term advocacy was considered and by examining the mission statement of different organizations that describe themselves as the advocates of the consumers. It is important that the consumer advocates should act as a voice for this purpose, keeping in view the, long-term interests of all the consumers. The various consumer organizations have to be effective despite the presence of significant constraints of resources and therefore generally they work smarter and harder as compared to the voices that they are opposing and stretch their resources beyond the seemingly natural constraints. Of course this is different from claiming that consumer advocacy has proved to be effective for the consumers. The present arrangements for consumer advocacy in Victoria are less effective than requ ired. It is widely believed that the voices of the consumer are not heard (or heard sufficiently) in Victoria as is the case with other parts of Australia and other countries. References Beatson J and Virgo, G J (2002) Contract, Unjust Enrichment and Unconscionability, 118 Law Quarterly Review 352 Carlin, T.M., (2002) The Rise (And Fall?) of Implied Duties of Good Faith in Contractual Performance in Australia, UNSWLawJl 4 Grantham R and Rickett, C (2001) On the Subsidiarity of Unjust Enrichment, 117 Law Quarterly Review 273 Kremer, B (2001) The Action for Money Had and Received, 17 Journal of Contract Law 93. Paterson, Robertson Duke, (2009) Contract: Cases and Materials, Lawbook Co, 11th ed. Paterson, Robertson Duke, (2009) Principles of Contract Law, Lawbook Co, 3rd ed. Case Law Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362 Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447, 461 Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594 Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd [2013] HCA 25 Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621

Project Implict Essay Example

Project Implict Essay COWLEY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Project Implicit Hidden Biases 11/15/2013 Unbiased: not having or showing an unfair tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. , are better than others : not biased 1: free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair 2: having an expected value equal toa population parameter being estimated (Webster) Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. Hidden Bias Tests measure unconscious, or automatic, biases. Your willingness to examine your own possible biases is an important step in understanding the roots of stereotypes and prejudice in our society. (Project Implict) Learning about your hidden biases help you discover what things you may not be comfortable with. Hidden biases and prejudices can open up surprisingly influential underpinnings to all the decisions we can make in the future. Its important to discover and uncover your hidden biases so they can be overcome. I feel there are important steps to take to overcome biases so you can become a better eader in general. Leaders are aware that the unknown haunts every decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Implict specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Implict specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Implict specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Leaders are not paralyzed by the unknown. They are energized by decision-making opportunities, and, at the same time, they are humbled to be decision makers to be difference makers. Gerome) After reading this statement I really think these great leaders took the initiative to discover all hidden biases and have overcome them with strength. To be a good leader, it is imperative that you overcome the biases that haunt your past so you can make good decisions for the future. A good way to nitially uncover some unconscious and hidden biases is to take Project implicit Hidden Bias Test. Its a series of fourteen tests that determine if there may be some hidden biases. After completing these fourteen tests myself I was completely stunned, I dont Know IT 1 1 eve rytnlng I was seeing, out It was aennltely an eye opener. People of similar thinking often pool together, like raindrops that make a puddle. I feel like some of the people close to me have some of these ways of thinking, and it was almost instilled in the way I think, even if I covered it up and truly didnt think I felt this way. Bias and prejudice often have been something someone has told you, or that you heard. Theyre not always an original thought but one you have picked up. It may have been adopted recently, or a long time ago, and the older it is, the trickier it may be to overcome its influence. Scientific research has demonstrated that biases thought to be absent or extinguished remain as mental residue in most of us. (Edited by George AP) Every day we make decisions, leaders or not leaders. Some are small, domestic, and innocuous. Others are more important, affecting peoples lives, livelihoods, and well-being. How we make these decisions can depend on our bias. Decisions can be made quick, and unconscious , thats where the problem can come in. When you have hidden biases that havent been discovered furthermore, hasnt been overcome these inappropriate decisions as a leader can cause a lot of problems down the road. Biases such as gender perceptions can cause a lot of hardships in the workplace. If one gender is favored over the other, the one being favored isnt going to be as motivated to be a team player or comply to expectations and can hurt the company a lot. After completing the Gender Career IAT (Implicit Association Test) my data suggested a light association with career and female with family compared to female with career and male with family. I dont know if I was truly surprised with the results. I personally do work as a female and have had leadership roles in the workplace. Growing up, my dad worked 5-7 days a week; while my mom worked as a professor, but only worked minimal hours a week and took care of us. I do work but spend a lot of my time at home taking care of the kids and house duties. Some people are much more inclined to be assertive and lead than others and that is not gender specific. To be a good leader, you have to be a good team player, and nor is that gender specific. Qualified, hardworking Americans are denied Job opportunities, fired or otherwise discriminated against Just because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or their gender in general. The Employment Nondiscrimination Act is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on what sexual orientation or gender of the employees. The act provides basic protections against workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender dentity. Ann-racism includes beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. Ann-racism is intended to promote an egalitarian society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race, but defined society in which people do not face discrimination on the basis of their race. After taking the African American European American IAT my data suggested a slight automatic preference for European Americans to African Americans. This did and didnt surprise me. I was raised in a predominantly white society. My school idnt have very many multicultural peers, nor did my neighborhood. Now that Im older some of my best friends are African American. The election of our first African American president has sparked debate over how far we have come as a nation on Issues 0T race. t I Is one against tne law to nlre Oue to race, gender, or many otner spectacles. After stepping back and really analyzing my results, and previous Jobs, I dont think that I showed any preference for one race to another. I hired accordingly, and the opportunity for any race was equal. To be a good leader, you must be equal to all people. People are much more willing to give of themselves when they feel that their selves are being fully recognized and embraced stated the CEO of Apple. Embracing peoples individuality is a basic human dignity and civil right. It also turns out to be great for the creativity that helps many businesses. When people feel valued for who they are, they have the comfort and confidence to do the best work of their lives. To be a good leader, and run a company your employees have to be motivated to make it to the top. I understand people are different and have different ways of looking at situations and making decisions. I believe there are some aspects of leadership that everyone should take into consideration when leading a group of people. Leaders should never show favoritism. Being a leader means giving praise to everyone. Motivation is the key to the success of an organization. If a leader gives special privileges to some people and not to others, then the leader loses the respect of some people who could play a vital role in an organization. After taking all of the ATs I realize how I do have hidden biases, that I never realized existed, and have a lot to work on if I want to become a successful leader. Leaders should try to remain unbiased to make good decisions for the organization as a whole. Unbiased leadership is the most respected. People look up to those who lead because they want what is best for the organization, not their own personal life. Being in a leadership position sometimes means making unpopular decisions to better the organization. Leaders who make decisions based on their personal opinions or to benefit themselves are not truly leaders. Biased leaders need to grow up and take responsibility for their organizations because the decisions they make affect more eople than Just themselves. A good leader has many defining characteristics. Qualities of an effective leader include active listening, decisiveness, and the ability to inspire others to own a shared vision of the future. To be inclusive means to include and respect all views, not Just those that feed one particular standpoint. It is challenging to be unbiased, and we all have lenses through which our worldviews are filtered. However, an extraordinary leader cannot afford to be biased. Works Cited Edited by George AP, C. S. (n. d. ). how to overcome unconcious and hidden bias. Retrieved Novemeber 16, 2013, from wikihow: http://www. wikihow. com/overcome- Unconscious-and-Hidden-Biases Jerome, D. (n. d. ). Dr. Jerome Stewarts Blog . Retrieved 2013 16, November , from Leadership and hindsight bias: http:// drJstewart. wordpress. com/2013/10/20/1eadership-and-hindsight-bias/ Project Implict. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 15, 2013, from Teaching Tolerance: http:// www. tolerance. org/supplement/test-yourself-hidden-bias Webster, M. (n. d. ). unbiased. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from Merrian Webster: http://www. merriam- webster. com/dictionary/unbiased