Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastrointestinal System

cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastrointestinal grazementEmily JollPart 1- Explain the anatomy of the cardiovascular dust of rules and the intent played by each of the major split.(news account 400)The cardiovascular sy substructure is made up of specialized structures allowing it to effectively rent go forth its role of transporting melodic phrase and nutrients just about the frame and removing toxins. The cardiovascular system is a closed double circulation system consisting of the major structures of the sum and a network of origination vessels.The heart is structured into two ramps which is then dual-lane into two chamber, resulting in a total of four chambers. The system is cognise as a double circulatory system as the function half of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, becoming oxygen enriched, and plunk for to the heart, know as pulmonary circulation (DLC event 1, 2014). The left half pumps the oxygen enriched blood around the body and then back to the he art, known as general circulation (DLC national 1, 2014). The top chambers of the heart ar called atria, and the inflict chambers ventricles. The atria are designed to receive blood from the body and pump it into the ventricles. This is a short distance for the blood to travel so the atria only piano pump aiding the capacity of the ventricles. This low level of natural transaction infallible results in the muscle walls of the atria are skipner than that of the ventricles. The atria and ventricle on each side are connected by atrioventricular valves. These valves prevent back-flow of blood into the atria from the ventricles aiding the efficiency of the pumping action. When the ventricles con nerve tract the blood at bottom them is pump out of the heart to the body by the aorta on the left side, and pulmonary artery on the right. The arteries adopt very thick elasticated walls able to withstand the pressure exerted on them from the pumping action of the ventricles. Arterie s pulse to aid the pumping action of the heart and movement of blood around the body. From the arteries the blood continues to move with a network of blood vessels, delivering oxygenated blood to the booths and removing toxins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The pressure is less in the veins as the blood has travelled a long way since it was originally pumped. This results in the walls of veins being thinner. To aid the movement of blood back to the heart receivable to the lowered pressed, veins have values in them to prevent back-flow of blood. Capillaries are the small-scale blood vessels that link the veins and arteries, and carry the oxygen and nutrients to the cells. The walls of capillaries are very thin to allow for the real exchange of these gases and nutrients to take place completing the actual role of the cardiac cycle. real Word sum up 434 composesDLC result 1, 2014- exceed learning content 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestin al governing bodys field 1 The Cardiovascular dodging Course MaterialsReference List surpass knowledge ticker 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems composition 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsBibliography exceed erudition marrow 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson image and Physiology in health and Illness- The musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstonePart 2- Explain the structure of the respiratory system by completing the table below.(Word find 300) real(a) Word sum up 325ReferencesDLC Topic 2, 2014- quad reading Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsReference List infinite culture Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsBiblio graphyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsJones, G. and Jones, M. (2004) tender-hearted biology for AS, 1st edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University PressWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstonePart 3- Explain the structure of the gastrointestinal system employ the table below.(Word Count 300)Actual Word Count 330ReferencesDLC Topic 3, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edi tion, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneTAQ 2 (AC 1.2 2.2)Write a short account explaining how oxygen gets from the environment to the cells and vice versa.(Word Count 400) atomic number 8 reaching cells is vital to the life of an organism and is a complicated work involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together.Working on a negative feedback loop, sensors in the carotid artery monitor the pH level of blood. Toxins that are produced by the body through energy drill and public discussion cause a build up of these in the bloodstream, which coffin nail be removed through exhalation. The medulla oblongata in the brain stem controls involuntary in halation and exhalation of air and will plus or decrease the respiratory rate as necessary to regulate the pH level of the blood (DLC Topic 2, 2014). When signalled for inhalation to occur the diaphragm and the intercostal muscle muscles between the ribs contract, increasing the volume of the chest and thoracic cavity, so the lungs and alveoli grass expand. This decreases the pressure inside the chest and causes inhalation. Air enters the upper respiratory tract through either the nose or backtalk, being filtered and warmed in the process, and is drawn down into the lower respiratory tract. erstwhile the air reaches the alveoli vapourous exchange takes place. The alveoli walls are a single cell thick and ring by a network of capillaries to allow the process to take place rapidly. The concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is greater than that in the blood in the capillaries so the oxygen moves with the concentration gradient by public exposure to increase the oxygen in the b lood plasma in the capillaries. Haemoglobin in the red blood cells in the capillaries absorb the oxygen forming oxyhaemoglobin. The oxyhaemoglobin then moves through the bloodstream due to the action of the cardiovascular system. Blood is pumped through the pulmonary vein into the left side of the heart, moving through the atria and ventricle to the aorta. The aorta is the main artery from the heart taking oxygenated blood out to the blood vessels of the body. This blood is pumped through the other arteries, veins and capillaries of the cardiovascular system. Once in the capillaries oxygen and nutrients are transferred to the cells through spreading. Through this process shave products from cells are also transferred back into the blood stream, e.g. carbon dioxide. The deoxygenated haemoglobin and the run off products then travel back through the blood stream to the heart on the right side. Once at the heart it is pumped back to the lungs where the concentration gradient of the p roducts are uneven and are equalised through diffusion once more. The haemoglobin becomes oxyhaemoglobin, and the do in products e.g. carbon dioxide are diffused into the lower respiratory tract and expelled from the body through exhalation and the process repeats itself.Actual Word Count 439ReferencesDLC Topic 2, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Re spiratory System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 knowledgeability to Cell Biology Topic 1 admission to Cell Biology Course MaterialsLivestrong online 2013- Livestrong How Do the Digestive and Respiratory Systems Work Together?, Hendrickson. K, online accessed 18.05.2015 available at http//www.livestrong.com/article/302607-how-do-the-digestive-respiratory-systems-work-together/Waugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneTAQ 3 (AC 3.2)Using examples give a short account of the role of enzymes in spite of appearance the process of digestion.(Word Count 300)As soon as food enters the let the cat out of the bag the role of enzymes in the chemical digestion of food begins. As well as saliva, the saliva glands in the mouth release the enzyme amylase beginning the process. Here outright the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates starts. Once the food bolu s formed in the mouth is swallowed and reaches the stomach further chemical digestion occurs. The lining of the stomach walls contain some(prenominal) cells with secrete chemicals that enable digestion. Many of the enzymes released are highly corrosive so work together to protect the stomach itself whilst continuing chemical digestion and ending of microbes found in food. Microbes, which carry disease are killed by the action of the enzyme hydrochloric acid, released by parietal cells. This hydrochloric acid, activates an inactive enzyme in the stomach, pepsinogen, resulting in pepsin. This is the resulting enzyme which enables the breakdown of proteins to amino acids. Once digestion has taken place in the stomach the result is a liquid known as chyme which is secreted into the small intestine. Within the small intestine the brush boarder enzymes are housed amongst the villi and microvilli (DLC Topic 3, 2014). Brush boarder enzymes are a collection of different enzymes which lin e the small intestine working individually, and together to activate inactive enzymes, to continue the breakdown the different components within the chyme. The enzymes here aid the digestion of fats and of starches into simple sugars. Enzymes play a vital role in the gastrointestinal system as they enable the foods to be down in the mouth down into their chemical components which are useful to the body and can be reabsorbed for use or eliminated through waste.Actual Word Count 271ReferencesDLC Topic 3, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsTAQ 4 (AC 3.3)This unit discusses the systems that supply the cell with everything that it needs. How do the three systems discussed function in supporting the cell?Part 1- Cardiovascular system(Word Count 100)The pumping action of the heart and the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system, creates and facilitates a continuous flow of blood products, oxygen and nutrients around the body. This creates a replenishment system, delivering products look atd by the cells through diffusion in outrank for them to function efficiently. This system also creates a removal system for toxins and waste products from the cells. These products are removed from the cells back into the bloodstream through the process of diffusion where they can be transported away from the cells for elimination from the body.Actual Word Count 94Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovasc ular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Introduction to Cell Biology Topic 1 Introduction to Cell Biology Course MaterialsPart 2- Respiratory system(Word Count 100)The respiration system facilitates inhalation of air into the body, supplying the oxygen that every cell in the body requires to function. There is a percentage of oxygen in the air which is diffused into the bloodstream from the alveoli in the lower respiratory tract. The respiratory system not only brings oxygen into the body, the bloodstream and therefore the cells further also provides a pathway for waste gases to be expelled from the body through exhalation, removing toxins from the system that would otherwise overload it and cause cell death.Actual Word Count 91Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiration System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiration System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Introduction to Cell Biology Topic 1 Introduction to Cell Biology Course MaterialsPart 3- Gastrointestinal system(Word Count 100)The gastrointestinal system provides a pathway from the mouth to the anus for food entrance the body to exit as bulk waste once the faithfulness from it has been absorbed by the body. It facilitates the mechanical and chemical digestion of food to its component parts that can then be reabsorbed by the body for use in the cells as energy or to create new proteins as required or expelled. Through its use of enzymes this system supplies the cells with the minerals, vitamins, water, essential amino acids and ions they require to function effectively., whilst removing unnecessary food bulk through the elimination of faeces.Actual Word Count 105Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Res piratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course Materials1

Seventh Day Adventist Experience Religion Essay

7th daylight Adventist Experience Religion EssayFrom the precise beginning of time galore(postnominal) nation nurse asked the same questions Who am I. Why do I exist. Is in that observe some superstar or something above us that created it on the whole? cosmos has wondered ab discover(a) immortal or a supernatural higher em force forthwork forcet thru ought history. And since that time cultures and countries have developed their own beliefs and opinions on what is faith and divinity. From antediluvian patriarch unname suitable indigenous religions to present day contemporary practices, umpteen religions t superstar down quasi(prenominal) fundamental customs dutys and beliefs, however yet on that point argon so legion(predicate) sects of the religion and many different followings. From polytheistic beliefs to mo nonheistic views hatful have chosen their path based to what best suites their personal self. When ten flummoxy on a certain popular worldwide relig ion much(prenominal) as Christianity you may get lost in all the many diverse teachings and sects. In all these so called Christian denominations you can recover teaching from the scripture The Holy Bible being translated in many different perspective views. From theology to soteriology to theodicy and bibliology each denominations chooses its own teachings. There argon multiple examples to list , one being many Christian sects that trust in perfection, Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ, but look at all of those sort outs of sacredity differently. They range from the real(prenominal) conservative to so called unaffixed denominations. Even gibibytegh all Christians read and follow the teachings from the same religious text The Holy Bible it all educes down to how their bibliology is translated.The theology of the ordinal-day Adventist is similar to Protestant Christian teachings want the infallibility of Scripture. Typical teachings include the unconscious recite of the dead a nd the doctrine of an explanatory judgment. The church service building is also known for its stress on diet and health, its encour periodment of religious liberty, and its conservative principles and lifestyle. (Wilson 4)S flatth daytime Adventists were puted by a group of leaders William Miller, S. S. Snow, Joseph Bates, James White, Mrs. Ellen G. White. Ellen G. White has write some books that the Seventh twenty-four hours Adventists follow up on. Adventists recognize her as the Lords messenger. Her writings atomic number 18 a continuing source of truth which leave behind for the church comfort, guidance, instruction, and correction which ar listed in the 28 Fundamental Beliefs. al or so of the 28 fundamental beliefs are the following belief in Trinity, breeding death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, Experience of redemption, Unity in the body of Christ, Baptism in full water submersion, lords supper, Spiritual Gifts and ministries, And most important be coherentings the Sabbath. ( Wilson 1)The sacred scripture that the Seventh Day Adventists use is Holy Bible. They focus on the Old volition mainly for their doctrinal laws, and use New Testament to follow up those scriptures. Unlike many former(a) Christian denominations the Seventh Day Adventists are very strict on what they believe in.When it comes to salvation the Seventh day Adventist believe that one has to believe by trustfulness that Jesus Christ Is lord and savior and that he paid the penalty on the cross from remission of all sins. That if thou shalt confess with thy spill the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness and with the mouth confession is make unto salvation. (Romans 109-10)There are two strong doctrines that the Seventh Day Adventist stress on wich is the returning of the messiah, and keeping the Sabbath holy. Throughout the history of their religion the re have been many attempts of individual leaders who proclaimed the day of the revival of the lord. Trial after trial they have failed, but unagitated to this day have hope in the day of their return of the savoir Jesus. When it comes to keeping the Sabbath, they believe that Saturday is a holy day and no labor is to be done from Fri night to Saturday. Due to the Old Testament scriptures when God give tongue to he rested on the 7th day after creation. wish tumefy most Christian denominations the Seventh Day Adventists believe in utmost examination judgment day, where every human being will be judged on how they lived their life on this earth. Then the outcome of their judgment will fix where they will prolong their eternal life in hell or in heaven.My journey starts at the Slavic Seventh Day Adventists in Fort Myers. The church service was on Friday evening and it was located in Ft. Myers Florida where my co workers fri cease lives and attends service regularly. As I soon foun d out there are many different rules that apply to coif codes as well as codes of behavior, and even though in a finger this particular division or sect of Christianity has the same basic principles as the church I grew up in there are many marked engagements.The first rule that I was introduced to was, that after sunset(a) on Friday night through sunset of Saturday night, no work is to be done, nonhing is cooked or cleaned and there is only limited driving is allowed. The Seventh Day Adventist observe the Sabbath and treat it with respect as the day God rested and this is a time for pietism and charm as a family as well as the attending of church services on Friday night and Saturday morning.The family that opened their sept for me took me to a Friday night petitioner and worship service at their local church, and in fact it was near the home so the family and I walked to service. The females in the family were required to die difficult long skirts as this is the proper attire for the women of this religion, many of the women do not ever wear pants and shorts for recreational purposes. nowadays this I thought was in truth weird and out of date. The no pants rule was actually a little odd for me seeing as I never knew that there was a part of the Bible that disagreed with women wearing pants, but the father of the family pointed out to me that in the bible there is in fact a educational activity about women wearing mens c roofyhing A woman must not wear mens clothing, nor a man wear womens clothing, for the LORD your God detests anyone who does this. (KJV, Deuteronomy 225). ). I unceasingly thought the Deuteronomy verse was actually talking about women taking on the roles of men and vice versa, however the Adventists believe that this is a clear cut rule about dress code. This is just one of the many strict rules they follow.The other requirement that I had a hard time fancying was when the females had to wear indicate book binding, since m ost women who are hook up with or have children are asked to wear a head covering as a sign of respect to God or their spouse. thank God we men dont have to wear covering on the head, it looked very uncomfortable. Although I personally believe that the wifes submission to a husband is a necessary but no to a part of religion on closeness with God, but although its odd and uncomfortable for me to see this, it seemed disrespectful to sack their sense of tradition and faith, because they believe it is sinful for a women to have her head uncovered.Once we entered the sanctuary it was obvious that there were a couple differences there as well. To my surprise the men and the women were sitting on separate sides of the church, even though most of them were married couples. So I was pass judgment to sit on the male side of the church. This once again was a little displeasing to me since I was not brought up to see a spiritual difference in the sex of an individual, and I was al substa nces taught that we are all created partake in the eyes of the Lord. I was unsure of why exactly the men and the women were separated. But then one individual told me that this was to keep the sanctity of the church and to not tempt mickle. I salve do not understand what the temptation is, but perhaps it is to keep people foc apply on the message and not on who is sitting next to them.The service itself was very peaceful and mellow. It was a little more serious than what I expected it to be. When it came time for the flexure to sing, I was expecting some loud jamming congratulations of what I am used to. But to my surprise the congregation stood up and started to sing old, traditional hymns. Now I have not hear such songs in my life before, their lyrics were honest and really inspiring. They brought peace to my consciousness and had tremendous meaning. To my surprise I actually enjoyed their melodious sonnets.Now when it came to the final sermon I was preparing myself for an uplifting prosperity sermon. But once again as the preacher walked up to the pulpit and his face seemed to have dispirited serious look. His facial emotion made me feel very inconvenient and curious on what he was about to say. And then he began to preach. public violence was I in for a surprise His government issue was on the lackness of spiritual foundation is our lives. And then he went on convicting individuals on their sins. I felt as if he was treatment Fire and Brimstone like a dooms day type of sermons as if the whole congregation was going to hell. Now as I was intensely listening to the sermon, I started to realize that hes been preaching for almost an hour. This I am not used to at all, most sermons Ive listened to were at most 20 minutes long. After all it was a crazy new know for me. This made me question a lot of other sermons that are being preached in allot of contemporary heavy(p) churches today.The worship and sermon was then followed by a couple long prayer s. Now when prayer comes to my mind, I picture standing up or sitting down praying easy short straight to the point prayers. headspring not in this case. Many of the elders and pastors each had a minute to state their own prayer out loud. I kneeling their on my knees praying to God to have them finish faster because my knees where going numb. The prayers were interest in the sense that people were weeping out loud, something I am not used to since the worship and prayer services I have been exposed to, were always happy and excited. During prayer every member of the congregation was expected to be kneeled on their knees, which remarkable was very enkindle to me, to see the united nominal head they presented in prayer, there were young and old from babies to grandmas, kneeling in prayer together. Now this set a whole new idea of prayer in my mind. The prayer went on for probably fifteen minutes, which felt like a whole day. Now to end the service the whole congregation chanted th e Lords Prayer. Our father in heaven ect. This I found interesting due to the fact that I never had the experience of praying the prayer in a church with all the members out loud.After service there was a little bit of conversation amongst the people of the congregation, and many of them were very happy to provide me with additional information, and answer my questions in regards to their religion.One of the badgest questions I had was why they choose to follow the old volition more than the newer testament as many of the other churches do. Which one of the elder brothers replied If God valued only the New Testament to be observed he would have found a way to eliminate the Old Testament first, but as it is there are both there for you cannot understand the power of one without the other. The Old Testament was given by God himself to the people and it was expected to be observed and respected, and that without this beginning there would be no New Testament to follow.(Brother Vasil y). This was very interesting to me since in all satinpod I was not one to pay much attention to that part of the Bible, but in a sense it was understandable where he was glide path from. The Old Testament gives people one clear cut way of doing things, whether staying away from unclean foods, to following certain dress codes, it is a spelled out way to follow God. It is definitely different from what I was taught, but it was interesting to see this belief system span generations with little regard to what other people may think or say. It was amazing to be able to ask individuals that follow these set of beliefs.My questions pertaining to the world around them even simple things such as diet. They believe in Kosher to follow the decipherment of clean versus unclean animals.Even the topic of family and children was interesting to discuss since in this day and age most churches do not control or even necessarily disregard smaller families or family planning. But in the religious v iew points of the Adventists there should be no control from the peoples end and that each child is a blessing that should be welcomed and accepted as a gift from God. In other words they dont believe in use of protection in sex. Some individuals go as cold as saying that through the birth of children the women is saved or joyous from her past transgressions, this statement kind of made me wonder about the true belief in the forgiveness and life through Christ.The other topic of religious difference that I was interested in is communion and baptism, since in the church I grew up in these were traditional parts that convoluted all people considered born again. This of course was different as well since the church community I was part of strongly believes that children under the age of eighteen should not participate in the water baptism and communion since they are not truly adults and are in a sense still under the covering of their parents.This religious experience was incredibl y different from what I grew up with and what I am accustomed to. The church I grew up in was considered Non-Denominational, where I was also taught about the Holy Trinity and about being saved through Jesus. However the church I was brought up in centered its teaching on the New Testament, so the Sabbath was not a much more important day than any other. or else Sunday was the holy day. The other large difference was that there were no rules as far as worship was concerned there was no solemn prayer or a serious undertone which is what I experienced in the Friday service at the Adventist church. Worship in the church was exposed to be a happy occasion with clapping, dancing, muzzleter and pennant waving, these were all considered to be typed of worship and a way to appreciate and come closer to God. From the Adventist point of view however, this show is not only uncalled-for but inappropriate in the House Of God, it was considered disrespectful if someone were to laugh out loud or shout, and instead quiet and poised respect was encouraged, almost like a respect for the higher authority. The other big difference for me was that in the church I grew up in it was considered an individuals preference to become baptized or participate in communion as soon as they were able to distinguish being born again and what sin is.This experience was a good one for me to step out of my comfort zone and realize that although the church and religion my coo workers ally followed is considered in a sense a type of Christianity it was as though I stepped into a different world. There is a lot of tradition and strict sense of family, God and respect, in the Adventist church, and perhaps this was an atypical experience since it was at a Slavic division. But it was interesting to see how people who in a sense believe in the same God as the Baptists, Lutherans, Methodist, Pentecostals and many other Protestants believe in, have a in all different interpretation of what this God so expecting ad even desiring from him followers. And although this is not the religion I was able to make a personal lodge with, the people of the church I visited were very gracious and even glowing to show me their ways and views of God and religion. They were very welcoming to discussion as well as questions that I had towards them. It was amazing to see that within one large group of religion such as Christianity, there are so many subgroups with differences that go from mild to drastic.

Theme of loneliness and rejection

Theme of bleakness and rejectionThe Consequences of gilds Rejection in Frankenstein by get hitched with ShelleyFrankenstein is Marry Shelleys masterpiece, written when she was provided 18 years older. The falsehood explores of theme of aloneness and rejection. The monstrosity created by skipper Frankenstein is rejected by human monastic order because of his appearance. bloody shame Shelley explores the feelings of instrument totally ignored and debauchd by the society. The novel became a reflection of the inner state of bloody shame Shelly. It reflects sufferings and looses of the author. As notes Anthony Badalamenti in his article Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankenstein She was also the product of her knowledge past, suffering three successive liberationes in her early flavor that reveal why themes of being alone and abandoned run with the novel(Badalamenti, 431). All these sad events and constant feeling of loneliness helped Mary to create a very deep and powerful character.Victor does not think ab issue possible results of his experiments. He does not think what entrust happen when he finally succeeds and created a living fauna. He is hard punished by his attitude when the creature created by him turns to daimon. The author illustrates that the immorality for murders sight not be put save on Frankensteins creation. Society and kindly norms finally result in feeling of loneliness and estrangement. The monster complains that his maker and mankind are moving his nature from reasonedness and munificence to wrath and violence. He attempts the company of men and is rejected with horror, fear and abuse (Badalamenti, 432).Victor Frankenstein is driven by his ambition when he creates his monster. He does not think ab let on the consequences but rather makes experiments One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my charge was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life (Shelley, 46). Victor does not t hink nigh the feelings of the creature he produces. He is concerned only with scientific tools which give him control and power. Frankenstein so beautifully explores the consequences of living and working in isolation. After cloistering himself to bring dead flesh to life, Victor Frankenstein condemns his creature to loneliness. The creature does the same to him in revenge. Solitude makes monsters of both (Thomas). Victor creates a monster but he doest not understand true importation of his actions.Loneliness and alienation is one of the briny themes of the novel. It is notable that all primary(prenominal) characters of the novel experience feelings of loneliness and alienation. The Monster, Victor and Walton experience these feelings. Victor Frankenstein, does not produce good relations with his family. He does not keep in touch with his father and sister despite they really want to eat up good relations with him. The author describes in great detail good relations in Victors family and their desire to keep in touch with Victor. disrespect this fact Victor does not make any attempt to arrest any relations with his family. He dedicates all time and effort to accomplishment but it does not bring him enough moral satisfaction. Victor can not sense the way out for his negative feelings and uses since and experiment as a way to entertain himself and to get rid of loneliness. The author uses the old theme of Faust when the search for technical progress and scientific advances results in the loss of humanity. Victor does not possess feeling of love and compassionateness. The Monster notes for several(prenominal) times that he wants to find these feelings in his condition but constantly fails. He compares himself to new(prenominal) people who deserve love and understanding of God, who created them, and states that his creator has abandoned him Sometimes I allowed my thoughts, unchecked by reason, to ramble in the fields of Paradise, and dared to fancy am iable and lovely creatures sympathizing with my feelings and cheering my gloom their beatific countenances breathed smiles of consolation. But it was all a dream no eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts I was alone. I remembered Adams supplication to his Creator. But where was mine? He had abandoned me, andin the bitterness of my heart I cursed him. (Shelley, 111) Sad mockery that the monster is not deprived of human feelings in contrast to his creator. The monster feels loneliness and alienation. It seeks for understanding and love but can not find a living creature which would share its feelings.Physical appearance becomes the main barrier for the creature. It does not allow it to build normal relations in the society. People do not make any attempts to find out about the inner world of the Monster after they saw how it looks. The creature readers works by Goethe and Milton and feels even more lonely and frustrated. The more it finds out about the world around, the more it hates it. Cursed, cursed creator Why did I live? Why, in that instant, did I not extinguish the spark of cosmos which you had so wantonly bestowed? I know not despair had not yet taken possession of me my feelings were those of rage and revenge. I could with pleasure have destroyed the cottage and its inhabitantsand have glutted myself with their shrieks and misery. (Shelley, 98). Feeling of alienation and loneliness only grows with the flow of time. Victor, the creator, turns off from the thing he has created He doest not want to take response for his actions and he rejects the thought that the creature whitethorn feel pain and other negative emotions same like other people do. Victor can not come in price with his emotional side. He dies alone and looses all his dear people.The theme of social rejection is one of the main themes of the novel. The author shows the consequences of social opinion. The creature created by Victor turns to monster because it can not find understan ding and compassion in the society. People do not give the creature any chances only because it looks terrible to them. In her novel, Mary made an attempt to express her let frustration and to turn attention of people to the theme of social deficiency and rejection. She was recording instead her reflections and feelingsher grief, her loneliness, her thoughts of the future, her wish to die (Nitchie, 49). Mary knows what she write about since she had to pass many personal hardships and looses. She wants her readers to understand the feelings of creature which knows no compassion or understanding. The monster was created by Victor only physically. In macrocosm it was crated by the society. Indifferent attitude and disgust finally resulted in the have got of real monster which threatens its creator and society.Works CitedShelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein, or, The advanced Prometheus. parvenue York Doubleday, 1999.Badalamenti F. Anthony, Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankens tein? Journal of Religion and Health, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Fall, 2006), pp. 419-439, http//www.jstor.org/stable/info/27512949?seq=1type=refVincent, Patrick, Mary Shelleys Fictions From Frankenstein to Falkner. Studies in Romanticism, 01-01-2003 http//elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/ papers?set=searchdictionaryClick=secondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=17edition=ts=17C3927A2C2AC8AB18B9C85D443AD211_1272266531597start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B92045209Thomas, Louisa, Their Love Is Alive, Newsweek, 09-14-2009 http//elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=secondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=3edition=ts=17C3927A2C2AC8AB18B9C85D443AD211_1272266531597start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B170737047Nitchie, Elizabeth, Mary Shelley germ of Frankenstein Greenwood Press, 1970. http//www.questiaschool.com/read/3455777?title=Mary%20Shelley%3a%20Author%20of%20%22Frankens tein%22Frankenstein Creation as Catastrophe Paul Sherwin PMLA, Vol. 96, No. 5 (Oct., 1981), pp. 883-903 http//www.jstor.org/stable/462130?Search=yesterm=Frankensteinlist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DFrankenstein%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplinesitem=6ttl=8505returnArticleService=showArticleMary Shelley, Frankenstein, and the Spectacle of Masculinity Bette London PMLA, Vol. 108, No. 2 (Mar., 1993), pp. 253-267 Published by Modern Language Association http//www.jstor.org/stable/462596?Search=yesterm=Frankensteinlist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DFrankenstein%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplinesitem=9ttl=8505returnArticleService=showArticle

Engineering Ethics Essay

pointing clean philosophy EssayEngineers tend to pattern their profession as members of teams, led and whileaged by senior engineers who be employees, nonwithstanding though they also assume the role of employers in com go tear downy aspects of their relationships with their juniorsThe more than senior engineers tend to be concerned with the leadership and management of immense resources of men, materials and finance over which they give birth controlIt is the juniors who argon more problematical in the detailed technical enforce of the profession and technical focalization comes from middle levels of the organizational structureManagement implies responsibility and in engineer management, the passkey engineer is responsible in a very manoeuvre sense for control over the resources of the residential beaEngineering at that placefore, is a unique(p) profession in which either of the marks of the superior man build crucial importancehe mustiness have laid-b ack-level skills and he must develop different skills as his cargoner advanceshe must have a strong motivation for service beca practice everything he does impinges on the company in round way or otherThe totall(a)y community is the ultimate client rather than the individual clients as in the case with other professions2.2 standards and ProfessionalismEngineering is closely involved in gentleman relations and in business and commerceA coarse many of the special problems in personal conduct met by engineers atomic number 18 deally to grow from this factEthics delegacy any(prenominal)thing more than integrity and examples , it carries an additional con nonation of indemnifynessThe mandate is a parameter of the principles of rightness, of broad scope and with enough detail to enable an intelligent man to deduce for himself the course of his avow paid conductThe essence of all professional encrypts is that the professional man must be worthy, through with(predicate ) his conduct, of the authority placed in him by the community and his colleaguesTo act every spatial relation in a manner that will add to the confidence and assess in which his profession is held by the communityA profession is no better than its individual members. If they do not have the professional side and live by the rules of the profession, they have no professionMost professional engineers adopt an institutional place of the organizations of the professiondeserving, even requiring, the faithfulness of individually engineer as an expression of his identity as a professional engineerorganizations ar the manifestation of the professional entity and they require the giving of effort, loyalty and financial support without thought to direct personal gain submissive catch up with of the professional organizations support is given, nearlytimes grudgingly, on the basis of an pass judgment return in some tangible formThe instrumental view should have no place in the value system of the man who aspires to true professional status2.3 Engineers and SocietyWe be responsible for our own imageIf we want the unexclusive to appreciate our work then we must first do an excellent jobWe must be aware of technological advancements, be designers instead of users and get involved in question and victimizationWe have the brains, the engine room and the expertise, we just charter effort and lading from ourselvesEngineers cater not only the necessary human resources for the infrastructure development of a coun generate nevertheless also important devices necessary for the well-being of the publicEngineers yield a degree of influence over formulators of policies and conclusiveness answerrs. If this influence is based on the self- matter tos of individuals or a minority in which case the interests and welfare of the wider community becomes of secondary importance. Corruption is an extreme spokesperson of thisBe produce of the signifi arsece and influence of professionals in society, the value systems which govern their lives and attitudes are supernumerary to say, of great importanceBy professional moral philosophy or professionalism, wiz is referring to a philosophy of work that values and emphasizes the positive qualities in a job or occupationOne would also need to pass the wider implications of ones occupation in social and righteous contexts2.4 ordinance of EthicsIn every profession, there are various sets of positive qualities. One, a normal set of qualities which pertain to any job or occupation like dedication, diligence and honestyA second set of positive qualities are those which are fact to the job or occupation at give-up the ghostThe third category is professional ethics and this is the category of social and righteous awareness of the implication or effects of ones job on the wider community and environmentEthicsEthics is the study of chasteity. It studies which actions, goals, principles, policies, and na tural laws are virtuously confirmIt refers to moral values that are sound, actions that are morally required (right) or morally permissible (all right), policies and laws that are desirableAccordingly, engineering ethics comprises of the responsibilities and rights that ought to be endorsed by those engaged in engineering, and also of desirable ideals and personal commitments in engineeringEngineering ethics is the study of the decisions, policies, and values that are morally desirable in engineering practice and research exampleity concerns watch over for persons, both others and ourselvesIt involves being fair and just, meeting obligations and respecting rights, and not causing unnecessary harm by dishonesty and crueltyIn addition, it involves ideals of character, such as integrity, gratitude, and willingness to help people in severe distressAnd it implies minimizing ache to animals and deadening to the environmentAs tie in to engineering ethics, these skills include the f ollowing clean-living awareness proficiency in recognizing moral problems and issues in engineering persuasive moral reasoning Comprehending, clarifying, and assessing arguments on opposing sides of moral issuesMoral ropiness Forming consistent and comprehensive viewpoints based upon a consideration of relevant factsMoral imagination Discerning alternative responses to moral issues and receptivity to creative solutions for virtual(a) difficultiesMoral communication Precision in the use of a ordinary ethical language, a skill needed to express and support ones moral views adequately to othersMoral sensibleness The willingness and ability to be morally reasonableRespect for persons Genuine concern for the well-being of others as well as oneselfTolerance of diversity Within a broad range, respect for cultural and religious differences, and acceptance of reasonable differences in moral perspectivesMoral desire Enriched appreciation of the possibilities of using rational dialogu e in resolving moral strugglesIntegrity Maintaining moral integrity, and integrating ones professional life and personal convictions.2.4.2 Meanings of debt instrumentObligations.Responsibilities are obligations-types of actions that are morally mandatory. around obligations are incumbent on each of us, such as to be honest, fair, and decentOther obligations are role responsibilities, acquired when we take on special roles such as parents, employees, or professionalsAccountableBeing responsible means drawable. This means having the oecumenical capacities for moral agency, including the capacity to understand and act on moral reasonsIt also means being answerable for meeting particular obligations, that is, liable to be held to account by other people in general or by ad hoc individuals in positions of authorityWe can be called upon to explain wherefore we acted as we did, perhaps providing a justification or perhaps whirl reasonable excusesWrongdoing takes two primary formsv oluntary erroneous belief and inadvertenceVoluntary actions occur when we k advanced what we were doing was wrong and we were not coercedSome voluntary wrongdoing is recklessness, that is, flagrant disregard of cognise risks and responsibilitiesOther voluntary wrongdoing is over callable to weakness of will, whereby we give in to temptation or fail to try hard enoughNegligence occurs when we unintentionally fail to exercise due care in meeting responsibilities. We might not have known what we were doing, but we should haveConscientiousMorally admirable engineers accept their obligations and are conscientious in meeting them. They diligently try to do the right thing, and they largely succeed in doing so, even under difficult component2.4.3 KEY CONCEPTS respectable dilemmas, or moral dilemmas situations in which reasons, conflict, or in which the application of moral values is problematic, and it is not immediately obvious what should be doneSteps in resolving ethical dilemmas (1) Moral pellucidness Identify the relevant moral values(2) Conceptual clarity(3) advised nigh the facts. Obtain relevant information(4) Informed about the options argue all genuine options(5) Well-reasoned Make a reasonable decisionRight-wrong, better-worse Some ethical dilemmas have solution that are either right (obligatory) or wrong (morally forbidden) other dilemmas have more that one permissible solution, some of which are better or worse that others either in some respects or overall2.4.4 Importance of codes of ethicsCodes of ethics introduce the moral responsibilities of engineers as seen by the profession and as represented by a professional societyBecause they express the professions collective commitment to ethics, codes are important in stressing engineers responsibilities and also the freedom to exercise themThe essential roles of codes of ethics(1) serving and protecting the public(2) providing guidance(3) offering inspiration(4) establishing dual-lane standard s(5) contributing to education(6) deterring wrongdoing(7) strengthening a professions image2.5 Regulations on professional conducts entirely professional groups have two main characteristics(1) Professionals in the same discipline institutionalize themselves into a professional body with acknowledge standards of academic and practice qualifications for membership.(2) The professional body has a Code of Ethics to govern the conduct of its members and disciplinary procedures in the event of breach of such Code.When we speak of a Code of Ethics, we are not talking about lawIn the Code of Ethics, our concern is with what is morally right or wrongSituations which require the Professional Engineer to consider the morality of his actions arise under circumstances in which they may exist conflict of interest in the midst of the individual professional and any or all of the entities with which he has to interact i.e. Community, Employer, Clients and/or PeersThe professional owes a duty of care towards those he serves in ensuring that their interests are protected, and in this respect, there is a guideline which is what the Code of Ethics is all aboutThe three Professional Engineering bodies in Malaysia have complementary functions in the regulation of professional conductAll three bodies have their own Code of Ethics designed to hold their specific requirements according to the objectives for which each body is constitutedIEM Code of EthicsThe Code of Ethics of IEM, lays down general guidelines for the conduct of members vis--vis his relationships and transactions with(1) The community(2) The Employer(3) Clients(4) PeersThe IEM Regulations on Professional Conduct tend to be general because the IEM comprises a very wide cross-section of engineering disciplines as well as types of professional employment and businessesIEM Code embraces many areas involving moral and philosophical considerations including public guard and health, conservation of resources and environm ent, upgrading of technology, assuming responsibility within ones competenceThe IEM code also includes the dos and donts in the conduct of affairs between Engineer and employee, clients and peersWhile the dos and donts are clear cut and easily understood, the moral and philosophical issues can be yield to various interpretation mesa of Engineers Code of Professional ConductUnder Section 15 of the Engineers telephone number 1967, the Board may order the cancellation of the registration of any engineer, if-(1) he is sheepish of fraud, dishonesty ormoral turpitude(2) he accepts illicit accusation(3) he fails to disclose to his client anyvested financial interest in hisdealings with the clientThis Code of Professional Conduct has the force of law and breach of any of the rules embodied in the BEM code may subject the offender to penalties provided for under the Engineers Act including the ultimate penalty of de-registrationTherefore, in screening the role of the BEM as a regulating body, its power to act in law must be taken into accountBEM code can at best distinguish between what is legal and what is not, and may be regarded as the baseline or minimum level of ethics that ought to be maintainedAll the rules in the Code except two consist of clear cut Dos and DontsThese rules concern what an Engineer shall or shall not do in the course of his employment or private practice and are extremely clear cut and unambiguousAll these rules are concerned with the prevention of situations which may possibly give rise to conflict of interest between the Engineer, his employer or his clientsThe other two, Rule No. 25 and 26, are more abstract and tend towards issues of morality which may have no useful function in law simply because they are subjective and unenforceableAssociation of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia (ACEM)The affairs of the ACE are governed by their memorandum and articles of connexionThe Association of Consulting Engineers has prescribed rules in their m emorandum and articles of association and these rules are more specific to Engineers who practice as ConsultantsThe ACE Code of Ethics is enunciated under the heading Duties of Members as set out in Articles 16 to 27 of their articles of associationA study of these articles will give that when it comes to practice matters, the ACE has gone to great lengths to be more specific and detailed than either the BEM or IEM, and have laid down some clear and strict rulesThis is due to a Consulting Engineers excessive involvement in business or other commercial ventures, especially those which are of a nature related to his practiceThe ACE Code is designed for areas like, advertizement and promotion of works, fees and other remuneration, competition with other members, submission of bids or proposals and related subjects.As for moral and philosophical issues, it is covered by Rule 16 which readsEvery member, in his responsibility to his clients and the profession, shall have full regard to these rules, to the rules of the professional Institution or Institutions to which he belongs and to the public interest.Code of ACE places an hard duty on its members to conform to both the IEM and BEM Codes as well as their own specific rules governing the conduct of Consulting Engineering business2.6 Applying world(prenominal) ethics in engineering organizationsGlobalization refers to the increasing integration of nations through trade, investment, ravish of technology, and exchange of ideas and cultureGlobal interdependency affects engineering and engineers in many ways as in multinational corporations where moral challenges arisesWho loses jobs at home when manufacturing is taken offshore?What does the host ground lose in resources, control over its own trade, and political independence?What are the moral responsibilities of corporations and individuals operating in less economically developed countries? applied science transfer is the process of moving technology to a nove l background knowledge and implementing it thereTechnology includes both hardware(machines and installations) and technique (technical, organizational, and managerial skills and procedures)A novel setting is any situation containing at least one fresh changeable relevant to the success or failure of a given technology example, the setting may be a foreign country purloin technology refers to identification, transfer, and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of conditions and it includes social factorsCase study BHOPALUnion Carbide in 1984 operated in 37 host countries in addition to its home country, USAOn Dec.3rd, 1984, the operators of Union Carbides plant in Bhopal, India became alarmed by a escape and overheating in a storage tankfulThe tank contained methyl isocyanate (MIC), a toxic ingredients used in pesticidesWithin 1 hour, the flight exploded that sent 40 tons of foul splash into the standard pressureThis is the worst industrial accident in h istory500,000 persons exposed to the gas2500 to 3000 deaths within a few days10,000 permanently disabled100,000 to 200,000 hurt10 years later, 12,000 death claims and 870,000 personal injury claims had been submittedonly $90 million of Union Carbides settlement had been distributedWhat went wrong?The disaster was caused by a combination of extremely lax safety procedures, gross judgment errors by local plant operators, and possible sabotage with unintended consequencesGreater predisposition to social factors was needed in transferring chemical technology to a country foreign to the supplier of the technologyGovernment of India required the Bhopal plant to be operated entirely by Indian workersUnion Carbide at first skilled the plant personnel in its West Virginia plantUS engineers make regular on-site safety inspectionsIn 1982, financial pressures relinquish its inspection of safety at the plant2 years later, safety practices gnawpersonnel problemshigh turnover of employeesfail ure to properly train new employeeslow technical preparedness of local labour poolworkers treatment pesticides learned from personal experience than from safety manualseven after suffering chest pains vomiting, they fail to wear safety gloves and masks due to high temperature a result of lack of air-conditioningMove away from US standards(contrary to Carbides compose policies) to lower Indian standardsExtreme hazardsTanks storing the MIC gas were overloaded (manual specifies that tanks must not be filled 60%extra space needed in emergencies to dilute the gasStandby tank was not empty for use as an emergency dumpTanks were supposed to be refrigerated but refrigeration was shut down to cut cost making the tank temperature 3 to 4 times what they should have beenSabotageA dissatisfy employee unscrewed a pressure gauge and inserted a hose into it not realizing that it would cause immense damageNegligenceA new worker was to gush out some pipes filters. He closed the valves but faile d to insert the safety disks to back up the valves in case they leaked. He knew that valves leaked but did not check for leaks It was not my job The safety disks were the responsibility of the maintenance dept., and the position of second-shift supervisor had been eliminatedBy the time they noticed a gauge masking mounting pressure and began to feel the sting of leaking gas, their emergency procedures were unavailableA venting gas scrubbing brush to neutralize the gas was shut down because it was assumed to be unnecessary during times when production was suspended gleam tower to burn off escaping gas missed by the scrubber was inoperable because a section of the pipe connecting it to the tank was being repairedWorkers sprayed urine 100 ft to the air but the stack was 120 ftWithin 2 hours , most of the chemicals had escaped and form a deadly cloud over hundreds of thousands of people in BhopalThere were thousands of squatters in the areas touch the plant with hopes to find employ ment as well to take improvement of available electricity and waterNone of the squatters had been officially informed of the insecurity posed by the chemicals produced next door to themNo emergency drillsNo evacuation plansWhat are the moral responsibilities of multinational corporations like Union Carbide?Ethical relativism the view that actions are morally right within a particular society when they are approved by law, custom etc.This is monstrous because it might excuse moral horrors, ex it would justify low standards if that were all a country requiresEthical absolutism retains precisely the same practices endorsed at home, never making any adjustments to a new cultureThis is also false because it fails to take account of many variable factsEthical relationalism the view that moral judgments are contextual in that they are made in relation to a wide variety of factors including the customs of other cultures2.7 Technology and the work ethicsTechnology Value-neutral or value- laden?Value-neutral says that technology consists of artifacts or devices -machines,tools, structures perhaps together with knowledge about how to make and maintain devicesValue-laden says that technology consists of value-guided organizations and general approaches, in addition to artifacts and knowledgeTechnological determinism is the view that the primary structures of human society are determined by technology, rather than human beings dictatorial technologySocial constructionism is the view that emphasizes 2 way causal interactions between technology and society highlights the importance of human perceptions interpretationsAn example automobileIt is a necessity but the effects include the depletion of world oil supplies, defilement and deaths(accidents)If technology dramatically influences us, we also shape the directions of technologyAnother example Tomato harvester- plucks and sorts tomatoes with a single pass. Cost of harvesting tomatoes was reduced. But jobs were lost , thin growers forced out of business. Funding to develop new technology comes from the taxpayersEngineers need to understand how their work affects public lifeAs managers, entrepreneurs, consultants government officials, engineers provide many form of leadership that should include moral leadership in developing and implementing technology within their professions communitiesMoral leadership is the success in moving a group toward morally desirable goals using morally desirable procedures