Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastrointestinal System

cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastrointestinal grazementEmily JollPart 1- Explain the anatomy of the cardiovascular dust of rules and the intent played by each of the major split.(news account 400)The cardiovascular sy substructure is made up of specialized structures allowing it to effectively rent go forth its role of transporting melodic phrase and nutrients just about the frame and removing toxins. The cardiovascular system is a closed double circulation system consisting of the major structures of the sum and a network of origination vessels.The heart is structured into two ramps which is then dual-lane into two chamber, resulting in a total of four chambers. The system is cognise as a double circulatory system as the function half of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, becoming oxygen enriched, and plunk for to the heart, know as pulmonary circulation (DLC event 1, 2014). The left half pumps the oxygen enriched blood around the body and then back to the he art, known as general circulation (DLC national 1, 2014). The top chambers of the heart ar called atria, and the inflict chambers ventricles. The atria are designed to receive blood from the body and pump it into the ventricles. This is a short distance for the blood to travel so the atria only piano pump aiding the capacity of the ventricles. This low level of natural transaction infallible results in the muscle walls of the atria are skipner than that of the ventricles. The atria and ventricle on each side are connected by atrioventricular valves. These valves prevent back-flow of blood into the atria from the ventricles aiding the efficiency of the pumping action. When the ventricles con nerve tract the blood at bottom them is pump out of the heart to the body by the aorta on the left side, and pulmonary artery on the right. The arteries adopt very thick elasticated walls able to withstand the pressure exerted on them from the pumping action of the ventricles. Arterie s pulse to aid the pumping action of the heart and movement of blood around the body. From the arteries the blood continues to move with a network of blood vessels, delivering oxygenated blood to the booths and removing toxins. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The pressure is less in the veins as the blood has travelled a long way since it was originally pumped. This results in the walls of veins being thinner. To aid the movement of blood back to the heart receivable to the lowered pressed, veins have values in them to prevent back-flow of blood. Capillaries are the small-scale blood vessels that link the veins and arteries, and carry the oxygen and nutrients to the cells. The walls of capillaries are very thin to allow for the real exchange of these gases and nutrients to take place completing the actual role of the cardiac cycle. real Word sum up 434 composesDLC result 1, 2014- exceed learning content 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestin al governing bodys field 1 The Cardiovascular dodging Course MaterialsReference List surpass knowledge ticker 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems composition 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsBibliography exceed erudition marrow 2014 Cardiovascular, respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson image and Physiology in health and Illness- The musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstonePart 2- Explain the structure of the respiratory system by completing the table below.(Word find 300) real(a) Word sum up 325ReferencesDLC Topic 2, 2014- quad reading Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsReference List infinite culture Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsBiblio graphyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsJones, G. and Jones, M. (2004) tender-hearted biology for AS, 1st edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University PressWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstonePart 3- Explain the structure of the gastrointestinal system employ the table below.(Word Count 300)Actual Word Count 330ReferencesDLC Topic 3, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edi tion, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsWaugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneTAQ 2 (AC 1.2 2.2)Write a short account explaining how oxygen gets from the environment to the cells and vice versa.(Word Count 400) atomic number 8 reaching cells is vital to the life of an organism and is a complicated work involving the respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together.Working on a negative feedback loop, sensors in the carotid artery monitor the pH level of blood. Toxins that are produced by the body through energy drill and public discussion cause a build up of these in the bloodstream, which coffin nail be removed through exhalation. The medulla oblongata in the brain stem controls involuntary in halation and exhalation of air and will plus or decrease the respiratory rate as necessary to regulate the pH level of the blood (DLC Topic 2, 2014). When signalled for inhalation to occur the diaphragm and the intercostal muscle muscles between the ribs contract, increasing the volume of the chest and thoracic cavity, so the lungs and alveoli grass expand. This decreases the pressure inside the chest and causes inhalation. Air enters the upper respiratory tract through either the nose or backtalk, being filtered and warmed in the process, and is drawn down into the lower respiratory tract. erstwhile the air reaches the alveoli vapourous exchange takes place. The alveoli walls are a single cell thick and ring by a network of capillaries to allow the process to take place rapidly. The concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is greater than that in the blood in the capillaries so the oxygen moves with the concentration gradient by public exposure to increase the oxygen in the b lood plasma in the capillaries. Haemoglobin in the red blood cells in the capillaries absorb the oxygen forming oxyhaemoglobin. The oxyhaemoglobin then moves through the bloodstream due to the action of the cardiovascular system. Blood is pumped through the pulmonary vein into the left side of the heart, moving through the atria and ventricle to the aorta. The aorta is the main artery from the heart taking oxygenated blood out to the blood vessels of the body. This blood is pumped through the other arteries, veins and capillaries of the cardiovascular system. Once in the capillaries oxygen and nutrients are transferred to the cells through spreading. Through this process shave products from cells are also transferred back into the blood stream, e.g. carbon dioxide. The deoxygenated haemoglobin and the run off products then travel back through the blood stream to the heart on the right side. Once at the heart it is pumped back to the lungs where the concentration gradient of the p roducts are uneven and are equalised through diffusion once more. The haemoglobin becomes oxyhaemoglobin, and the do in products e.g. carbon dioxide are diffused into the lower respiratory tract and expelled from the body through exhalation and the process repeats itself.Actual Word Count 439ReferencesDLC Topic 2, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiratory System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Re spiratory System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 knowledgeability to Cell Biology Topic 1 admission to Cell Biology Course MaterialsLivestrong online 2013- Livestrong How Do the Digestive and Respiratory Systems Work Together?, Hendrickson. K, online accessed 18.05.2015 available at http//www.livestrong.com/article/302607-how-do-the-digestive-respiratory-systems-work-together/Waugh, A. and Grant, A. (2006) Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness- The Musculoskeletal System, 10th edition, Edinburgh Churchill LivingstoneTAQ 3 (AC 3.2)Using examples give a short account of the role of enzymes in spite of appearance the process of digestion.(Word Count 300)As soon as food enters the let the cat out of the bag the role of enzymes in the chemical digestion of food begins. As well as saliva, the saliva glands in the mouth release the enzyme amylase beginning the process. Here outright the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates starts. Once the food bolu s formed in the mouth is swallowed and reaches the stomach further chemical digestion occurs. The lining of the stomach walls contain some(prenominal) cells with secrete chemicals that enable digestion. Many of the enzymes released are highly corrosive so work together to protect the stomach itself whilst continuing chemical digestion and ending of microbes found in food. Microbes, which carry disease are killed by the action of the enzyme hydrochloric acid, released by parietal cells. This hydrochloric acid, activates an inactive enzyme in the stomach, pepsinogen, resulting in pepsin. This is the resulting enzyme which enables the breakdown of proteins to amino acids. Once digestion has taken place in the stomach the result is a liquid known as chyme which is secreted into the small intestine. Within the small intestine the brush boarder enzymes are housed amongst the villi and microvilli (DLC Topic 3, 2014). Brush boarder enzymes are a collection of different enzymes which lin e the small intestine working individually, and together to activate inactive enzymes, to continue the breakdown the different components within the chyme. The enzymes here aid the digestion of fats and of starches into simple sugars. Enzymes play a vital role in the gastrointestinal system as they enable the foods to be down in the mouth down into their chemical components which are useful to the body and can be reabsorbed for use or eliminated through waste.Actual Word Count 271ReferencesDLC Topic 3, 2014- Distance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsReference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsTAQ 4 (AC 3.3)This unit discusses the systems that supply the cell with everything that it needs. How do the three systems discussed function in supporting the cell?Part 1- Cardiovascular system(Word Count 100)The pumping action of the heart and the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system, creates and facilitates a continuous flow of blood products, oxygen and nutrients around the body. This creates a replenishment system, delivering products look atd by the cells through diffusion in outrank for them to function efficiently. This system also creates a removal system for toxins and waste products from the cells. These products are removed from the cells back into the bloodstream through the process of diffusion where they can be transported away from the cells for elimination from the body.Actual Word Count 94Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovasc ular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 1 The Cardiovascular System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Introduction to Cell Biology Topic 1 Introduction to Cell Biology Course MaterialsPart 2- Respiratory system(Word Count 100)The respiration system facilitates inhalation of air into the body, supplying the oxygen that every cell in the body requires to function. There is a percentage of oxygen in the air which is diffused into the bloodstream from the alveoli in the lower respiratory tract. The respiratory system not only brings oxygen into the body, the bloodstream and therefore the cells further also provides a pathway for waste gases to be expelled from the body through exhalation, removing toxins from the system that would otherwise overload it and cause cell death.Actual Word Count 91Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiration System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 2 The Respiration System Course MaterialsDistance Learning Centre 2014 Introduction to Cell Biology Topic 1 Introduction to Cell Biology Course MaterialsPart 3- Gastrointestinal system(Word Count 100)The gastrointestinal system provides a pathway from the mouth to the anus for food entrance the body to exit as bulk waste once the faithfulness from it has been absorbed by the body. It facilitates the mechanical and chemical digestion of food to its component parts that can then be reabsorbed by the body for use in the cells as energy or to create new proteins as required or expelled. Through its use of enzymes this system supplies the cells with the minerals, vitamins, water, essential amino acids and ions they require to function effectively., whilst removing unnecessary food bulk through the elimination of faeces.Actual Word Count 105Reference ListDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Res piratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course MaterialsBibliographyDistance Learning Centre 2014 Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Systems Topic 3 The Gastro-Intestinal System Course Materials1