Social Media Metrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Media Metrics - Research Paper ExampleFrom the discussion it is clear that shell Depot recently presented a massive check of $250,000 to the Renos Veterans Guest House during the communitys Aprons in Action contest. During the contest, which began in early 2011, the Facebook page of the company served as the platform for up to 44 non-profit companies to earn funding totaling to up to $1 million as a result of Facebook votes and to develop more(prenominal) awareness of their community engagement and efforts. The societal media strategy adopted by Home Depot is managed by the corporate communications department, headed by Mr. Brad Shaw. The companys corporate team in bestir of cordial media is tasked with responsibilities of reviewing content and posts that are developed by associates. They also manage the companys social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube.As the essay stressesdefining the Rin the companys ROI -For the purposes of proving the ROI, it is important for the company to permit a tangible business goal with which to begin with. This refers to the return that the company is looking forward to deliver. The company should also consider the objectives of doing this as well as the problem that it is trying to solve.Home Depot determines its sell of positive sentiment in the midst of all positive sentiment in its marketplace. On the early(a) hand, if Home Depot operates in any controversial area, it should gauge its relative share of the negative sentiment. shaping the audience This refers to the market the companys campaign is trying to reach. It is important for the companys social media campaign to go out and attempt to reach fifty million people however, that is not very(prenominal) important if the fifty million people are not really its target market. The company dirty dog reach the world with its social media presence however, if the closest company store is a

Transformational leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Transformational leadership - Essay Example38). The transactional leadership theory involves throw between labour and rewards while the transformational leadership theory is mainly based on placing concern for talented stimulation, employees and offering vision to a group (Bass, Avolio and Atwater 2006, p. 99).James Macgregor Burns, who was a leadership expert, introduced transformational leadership theory concept. gibe to him, transformational leadership is manifested in a situation where a leaders and pursual lead to the advancement of superstar another in motif and honourableity (Bass and Riggio 2006, p. 64). A transformational leader uses different mechanisms to improve performance, morale and motivation of his followers. The mechanisms include being a good role model to followers which inspires them, having a connection to the followers self-identity, striving to understand weakness and strength of the followers and challenging followers to have more monomania of the b usiness(Bass, Avolio and Atwater 2006, p, 94). Transformational leaders, foster moral value of loyalty, honesty, and fairness and at the same time they preserve end values of equality, justice and respect to human rights (Yates 2012, p.53).Transformational leaders have strong character and vision. This power helps them inspire their followers to change the perception, motivations and expectations to work toward the set purpose (Yukl 2009, p.28). The transformational leadership theory is based on the leadership traitcharacter and ability to bring about change through energized vision, articulation and challenging goals. For a leader to be considered transformational, he must be idealized in the sense that he is a moral exemplar of striving toward benefits of an organization, a team or a community (Sanders, Hopkins, and Geroy 2013, p. 21-31). The impact that the leader has on his followers performance and motivation is what determines

Petroleum Engineering final research Paper Essay

Petroleum Engineering final research Paper - Essay Example trance applied science and research have developed methods of extracting different vegetable oil colour products from crude petroleum in practical approaches, the pedantic and the overall public domain is unable(p) to know from research how exactly the formation of crude oil takes place as many theories exist within the sources credited as scholarly articles and approved books. disposed the increasing threat of reading and believing various sources in existence, this essay seeks to answer the following hesitancy as it relates to petroleum engineering and research on petroleum production Research Question If petroleum engineering was developed through research on petroleum formation, why is it that petroleum engineering follows the akin concepts and methods of processing while petroleum research on petroleum formation differs considerably? LITERATURE surveil 1. Research on Petroleum a. Formation of crude oil The origi n of oil is a artistic style that any ane kindle take a wild guess and appear right on. From time immemorial, societies have flummox accustomed to the popular believe that crude oil is a product from the interiors of the earth. However, while the origin or oil has been researched on, most research tends to lean on where crude oil exists or where around the orbit oil can be drilled. Research goes further to explain that the origin of oil is a phenomenon that can be explained through the consideration of hydrocarbons undergoing gradual changes within the confinements of the earths crust. According to Bluemale & Manz (2), crude oil is constituted of 50-95% of hydrocarbons. While chemical engineering is a crucial input in the field of petroleum research, some sources fall short of relevant information regarding the types and actual chemical components of these hydrocarbons. Research by opposite researchers indicate that the formation of crude is an indefinite process upon which mos t researchers have relied on theories rather than taking a practical approach in identifying the actual process of crude oil formation. In statistics, forecasts ar made through the consideration of the mean in order to predict the occurrence of some results. While the field of quantitative data can use means to predict outcomes, it is unable to use the kindred method to predict results from qualitative data. For example, the different researches on the formation of crude oil cannot be trim to an average concept. This therefore discredits such research conclusion that crude oil is made up of 50-95% of hydrocarbons. The 50-95% cranny is way too wide to show substantiality of the research as it is impossible to believe that one bottle of the maestro coca cola can have 50-95% sugar content and still be classified under the same category of either diet coca cola or the original sugar-rich product. b. Chemical Composition The formation of petroleum has been able to produce substanti al evidence of how chemicals are feature or developed to become petroleum. In this case, the scientific inability is influenced by timeline as scientists are unable to reproduce 100 million years. While the impossibility is logical, the mentioning of 100 million years may has healthy be wrong as the determinant of the period

Unit 9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Unit 9 - Assignment ExampleThere is a basic difference between management accounting and financial accounting. While the former provides necessary selective randomness to the management so that they eject make right decisions for the company, the latter provides financial data to the sh areholders, creditors and other stakeholders so that they can get information roughly past and present conditions of the company. Management accounting provides information ab out(a) future trend of the company as managers need this information to make long term decisions sequence financial accounting provides factual data to shareholders and creditors so that they assess the performance of the company as their gold are in stake. One major purpose of management accounting is to provide cost information about products and services. Costs are classified into five broad groups behavior, traceability, controllability, relevance, and function. Behavior costs can be firm, variable or mixed. Fixed co sts do not change with increase in the tawdriness of mathematical product kindred rent, variable costs can increase with increase in the volume of doing like wages and cost of raw materials, and mixed costs are combination of both fixed and variable costs. Traceability costs can be direct costs that are incurred specifically for production like wages of factory workers, and indirect costs that cannot be specified as specific cost of production like salaries of office employees. Controllability costs can be controllable like wages of workers since number of labors can be reduced with proper management, and uncontrollable costs like house rent has to be paying(a) irrespective of the volume of production. Costs of relevance can be sunk, out-of-pocket, and opportunity costs. Sunk costs are those expenses that have been made and cannot be recovered like costs incurred in installing a machinery which turns out to be unproductive.

Critical Issues Review #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical Issues Review 2 - Essay ExampleIn identifying future strategy for imminent state of war, Clausewitz states that a determination of infallible resources forget entail an examination of the semipolitical aims of both the potential warring states the strength and nature of political aims and the abilities of government and people of both.2 It is also necessary to factor into this equation, the political sympathies of other states and the implications of war on the directly warring states as well as other states which may be affected by it, which in itself is a colossal task and and so requires flexibility in military planning and execution.Moltkes views on war strategy were also in line with Clausewitz, in that he accepts the major role played by chance and uncertainty, and also the institution of a moral element in war which contri yetes towards victory. However, he differed from Clausewitz in his belief that politics and war cannot be mingled with each other policy shou ld not be the guiding force that influences military operations. In his view, policy uses war for the attainment of its goals it works decisively at the beginning and end of war but where strategy is concerned, it works best for the goals of policy, but in its actions is fully independent of policy.3 Thus, according to Moltke, while it is credibly that policy decisions may set out the initial objectives of war, once war has been declared, political ends are to be achieved only through military means battle becomes the single means for military and grand depicted object strategy.Machiavelli recognizes the importance of adaptability, in view of its changing nature of war and offers the view that he errs the least and will be most favored by fortune who suits his proceedings to the times and illustrates this with the examples of Hannibal and Scipio.4 Machiavelli points out that the ability of

The Essentials of Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Essentials of Marketing Mix - Essay ExampleTherefore, the merchandising mix for each of these carrefour categories to a fault needs to be different. It seems that marketers use different marketing mix strategies even for goods under the same fruit category. This paper will analyse the marketing mix strategies of two existing brands that market luxury goods. system-based Concepts of the Marketing Mix Elements The term marketing mix was firstly used by Neil Borden in 1953. The theory of marketing mix contains four main component parts called 4 Ps of marketing mathematical product, price, pose, and promotion. These four elements ready the entire promotional campaign and when these are effectively blended, they form a marketing program that provides want-satisfying goods and operate to the companys market (Spiro, Stanton, and Rich, 2003, p.10). The term marketing mix reflects a broader concept that includes several marketing aspects which all work toward a similar objective of creating awareness and customer loyalty. Every firm considers marketing mix as a vital strategy as the elements of marketing mix play a significant role in each stage of product life cycle. In the modern days, lot is added as the 5th P to the marketing mix elements in order to represent the target people. The 4 Ps of marketing are briefly described below. 1. ... Product is a crucial element that has the ability to lead the whole business operations to success or failure. Hence, in order to make product rivalrousness in the market, marketers usually employ product differentiation strategy as a tool to differentiate their products from those of its competitors. In short, while marketing a product, the marketer must take special(prenominal) product decisions regarding ranges of factors like brand name, functionality, packaging, warranty, styling, and quality. 2. Price Simply, price determines the numerical value of the product or it is the pith that a customer pays for the pro duct. A marketer may increase or decrease the price of his product according to its demand in the market. Different price strategies are used to price a product in various situations. Premium pricing is a most common pricing strategy by which a higher price is charged for the product it is practiced if the product possesses a substantial competitive advantage over the competing products. In addition, penetration pricing, economy pricing, price skimming, psychological pricing, geographical pricing, and numbers of others pricing strategies are used to price a product. Marketers must take price flexibility and price contrast into account while formulating pricing decisions. 3. Place Place represents a location where a product is marketed. It may either be a physical entrepot or be a virtual store on the internet. According the theory of marketing mix, the place also refers to channel, distribution, or intermediary. In other words, place is the channel through which goods and service s are moved from the marketer to the ultimate consumers. The marketer has to formulate drop off decisions on distribution channels for instance, he has

UK Real Estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

UK Real Estate - Essay casefulThese market-specific characteristics evidence reliable indicators regarding the UK economic status.The UK real estate sector forms part of the services sector. The main comment of service sector output pertains to the non-tangible, non-commodity aspects except agriculture, mining, construction and manufacturing. The services sector has four broad variety of services based on the national accounts Distribution, hotels and catering (DHC) Transport and communications (T&C) Finance, real estate and seam services (FRB) and government and other services (GOV) (Julius and Butler, 1998).The services sector has grown faster than the rest of the UK deliverance from 1970-97. For instance, the average yearly judge of yield for the service and manufacturing sectors were 2.6% and 0.7% respectively. Marketed services have registered yearly growth rates of 3% during the same period. Growth has been tremendous in financial services, business services, real esta te activities, grooming and health services, and communications, particularly in computer software and cellular telephony (Gibson and Barkham, 1999).Boltho (2010) projected that the potential output growth averaged 2.9% a year over the last cycle that chalked up a faster growth compared to the previous cycle (2.4% a year 1986-1997). The acceleration could be traced to exceptional factors strong net inf pathetics of migrants, a slight decline in the NAIRU (Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment), capital deepening and a trend towards high school survey-added sectors including financial services. The growth of the UK real estate property portfolio is also influenced by the level of technology on shopping trends, evolving consumer preferences, and the UK government intervention in project management and transportation. Real estate investment decisions act to the current and future needs of the core business (Nourse and Roulac, 1993). A real estate company enters projects t o mother a positive net present value for shareowners. This company will have the best opportunities for creating shareholder value within their portfolio of property assets. The opportunities come in the form of valuable development options, the exploitation of present market information and the utilisation of a well-developed property expertise. Amidst the need to attain net present value from property activities are some factors that may be deleterious to shareholder arouses. These negative factors cover conflicts of interest between retail and property performance, negative reaction by external parties such as shareholders, judicial decision formers, and analysts and an actual lack of genuine property investment expertise. The costs and benefit aspects of diversification into property activity explain the wide variation in property strategy and structure of this sector. The UKs economic cycle has been volatilisable compared to the other countries of the European Union, ref lecting different economic policies, oil price rises and German unification. The UK economy exhibits different make out patterns, oil, company finance and the housing market. The UK government said a period of stability through low inflation and tight fiscal spending is essential so as to enable a sustainable and durable convergence with the rest of the European U

Read the requirement carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read the requirement guardedly - Essay ExampleHowever, a true spirit of group work working and co-existing together with the furbish up objective of a common goal is quite rare. As explained by Wageman (1997, p.59) It takes more work than vindicatory grouping people together and calling them a team. Critical components of an efficacious team Successful and effective teamwork is founded on three basic components complementary skills, common and compelling goals, and mutual responsibility and answerableness. First, the complementary and expert skills of the work force within the team are attainable during the hiring and recruiting the staff (Ryan, 2012, p.267). Such complementary, technical, and professional skills essential be matched with the job requirement. Besides, to increase their competence, more training is essential over time. Secondly, winning teams within an agreement must have a common and clearly defined purpose to act as a guide for all the teammates to rally be hind. The long chain goals are further broken down into vary sub-goals for individuals with different technical and professional skills to undertake (Brainerd, 2006, p.56-9). Lastly, it is critical for an establishment to foster the culture of responsiveness and accountability among the team members in a vertical format. To enhance responsibility and accountability, an organization rewards productivity and higher academic degree of accountability within the team staff. Coupled with collective responsibility, individual strugglers are supported by their colleagues in order to achieve together as a team. Team twist make The process of expression a successful teamwork takes place in foursome demonstrates formation, storming, norming, and performing (Belbin, 2010, p.70). Formation This is the first step towards building a team. In this stage, individuals are busy trying to identify the most ideal position in the team. It is in this stage that initial offer on starting a team is m ade. Storming This being the sustain stage in team building, it entails a number of challenges. Though people start to perceive distributively other as a team, conflict and confrontations are constantly observed, which further results into loss in performance. Norming this is the stage where real team work commences. Members come together, develop common interests and goals, formulate policies and regulations, and perform job stratification. It is at this phase where some sense of togetherness is evidenced. Performing It is the final phase in teamwork development which is characterized with increased team relationships, collective responsibility, and combined synergy. Group performance is very effective and delivering profitable outputs in the organization (Wageman, 1997, p.49-61). These four teamwork building phases can be represented graphically as below Tuckmans model variant/output Performance Formation Norming Storming Period This model helps us in developing a deeper perce ptivity into the evolvement of teamwork. The major drawback of this model is that identifies team building as being a linear and sequential process without recognizing loops in the team development stages. Common team challenges and how to overcome them All teams (including the most talented) in an organization faces a numbers of challenges. The major challenge facing teamwork performance is building the needed trust, a jumper cable foundation for team performance in an organization. Higher

Annotated Bibliography-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography-Terence - Coursework ExampleIt is work done by McMurtrey that was make at the University of Central Arkansas. The development contained suggests that there is a difference in the use of digital data between the older contemporaries and the young generation. In fact, the gap is widening which is such a concern to many researchers. The article provides avenues for separate studies as to establish as to what criteria can be utilise to make them adopt the technology. The review affect past studies that enabled comparison easier while the methodology was limited to surveys that were in line with other research. It is significant on how the number of the elderly individuals is increasing, and yet the manufacturers cannot take the upcoming opportunities.Osman, Z., Poulson, D., & Nicolle, C. (2005). Introducing computers and the internet to older users Findings from the c ar OnLine project. Universal nark in the Information Society, 4(1), 16-23. doi10.1007/s1020 9-005-0111-8This is an article by Osman and the core. It provides various computers to selected households of the old generation and determines their experiences with the use of function on the internet and various websites. This coincided to the gaps existing on the usability of the computers by the old generation. The peer-reviewed paper nonetheless does not offer space for other studies and provides analysis based on the research findings. The literature review used case studies to provide an in-depth overview of the paper. Research methods used is interviews to determine their experiences with computers and were common to all the researchers. It is important on how persons are concerned with the elderly generation to become literate on computer usage.It is an article by Paurasama and Colby published at the research gate. The report shows how technology advancements can be used to spread the knowledge to

Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Problem Solving - Essay interpreterThis is because there is no definite solution to a job as all solutions lead to festering of new problems and solutions. Problem solving techniques are on-going processes needed for the survival of an organisation.Halpern (2002) explains that problem solving techniques should be open to find and formulate the problem that affects the progress of an organisation, implement a decision, audit the results obtained from the decision made and revaluation the obtained results to determine if they are appropriate. More effort, energy, time and money should be spent on the prior stages of problem solving techniques rather than on the later stages. However, most executives ignore this fact as they aim at acting quickly and decisively thereby creating a type III error (working on the unlawful problem) (Paradies & Unger, 2002). Therefore, this report will discuss problems that curb the development of organisations and appropriate problem solving technique s that are use to eliminate this paradigm. This report will also analyse features of these problem solving techniques and the issues faced while applying them to the problems.most organisations especially new line of reasoning enterprises are faced with strategic planning problems. Such organisations are ineffective to appropriately define the strategy and direction of their firms. They are unable to formulate efficient decisions in scattering of the organisational resources much(prenominal) as capital and labour, a fact that affects their capability to strive in the stiff grocery store competition (Bradford & Dun put forward, 2000). Most researches, studies and surveys that have been conducted show that most successful organisations implement the thrum (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) depth psychology into the close of the organisation to strategically plan for the operations, decision making and resource distribution tactics. According to Lorenzen (2006), SWOT analysis comprises of the identification of organisations objectives to determine internal and external factors which may enable or prevent the achievement of these objectives. The SWOT analysis was formulated by Albert Humphrey with the aim of helping business ventures to effectively identify areas for development by matching the strengths of the organisations to available opportunities and the weaknesses to potential threats that the organisation may face. This enabled organisations to attain competitive advantages over their counterpart business enterprises. In other words the SWOT analysis enables organisations to detect the threats and weaknesses of the organisation and convert them to strengths and opportunities that the organisation can utilise to increase its performance. Also organisations are able to effectively overcome these threats and weaknesses thereby attaining appropriate foodstuff control due to implementation of strategic plans into the culture of the organi sation (Tracy, 2000).The internal factors comprise of the strengths and weaknesses that determine the motion of objectives of an organisation for example the 4Ps, manufacturing capabilities and personnel among others. On the other hand the external factors comprise of opportunities and threats that an organisation faces such as technological changes, socio-cultural changes and the competitive position of the

Participate in work environment (childcare) Essay

Participate in work environment (childcare) - Essay causeThis exposure has helped me adjust to different personalities to achieve harmony in my relationships.2. rapport-building skills in relation to the first skill, I squander learned to build rapport with people when I meet them for the first time. With children, I throw away also learned of strategies to help them feel at ease with me and new situations.- upon learning of the information, I shall debunk it to the trained child actor right away. If the centers policy is for Aunty Sue to turn out proper identification, then it has to be validated by the authorized supervisorWhat would your response be to these troika problems? Use the problem-solving steps from the unit to assist you in answering these problems. Refer to Summerville Childrens Centre policies and procedures.(a) We have had three call downs collect their children after closing this month. All have been about 20 mins new-fashioned. Late turn on staff are gett ing tired of the unpaid overtime and the ramifications for their night when they are now late for their after-work roles.First, I need to consider the facts. There have been instances of parents picking up their children late form the centre, make some staff to extend their time at work just to watch the children. The children are as well as upset for being the only ones left in the centre. Such a situation is undesirable and call for to be addressed and resolved. Much as I understand that there are times parents provide be late, it is unacceptable to make it a habit. I will explain the situation to the tardy parents and recommend that in the next likely event that they will be late, they should inform the centre beforehand so the staff in charge will be able to plan an alternative schedule. The staff worker may agree to wait for a certain period. If the parent will not come on time, then that will be a point against him or her and the centre will warn the parent that enrolment privileges of the child may be revoked due to habitual tardiness

Evaluating an Argument and bring forth an argument of your own Essay

Evaluating an Argument and bring forth an seam of your own - Essay Example brent begins his article by describing a scenario where a driver accelerates into noble travel in order to get to work early and avoid quarrels with boss. It is good to speed up to meet time deadlines but the risk involved is not worth while there argon other easier options such as waking up earlier and drive safely to work. The writer dialogue about the German case where people drive at speed of over 80 miles per and nonetheless German highways are the safest in the globe (Axelrod, and Charles 620). However, Brent should also consider the ease of getting a driving license in the deuce countries and the also the training involved in the driving schools of the two countries. The regular army allows people as young as sixteen years old to drive whereas in Germany one can only obtain a driving license at the age of 20 one years. The maturity between a sixteen years old child and a twenty one years old a dult is not comparable. In Germany, one has to attend a driving school for at least three months as opposed to one month in the USA and hence the driving skills between the two people are incomparable.The writer argues that nobody would speed up in order to risk their lives and hence theres no need of imposing the speed limits. However, it is important to understand that speed limits not only protects the driver but also the outside world who maybe more important than the driver. Considering a scenario where people were allowed to drive at their own speed, the rate of fortuity occurrence would increase and consequently the bit of people in hospitals would also increase. An increase in the number of people in hospitals directly increases a cost to the government which is under the pressure of economic battles. Brent Knutson argues that modern vehicles are designed in such a way that they can travel safely at super high speed which i

The Internet and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Internet and the Law - Essay ExampleIf we escort at the traditional model, those be more focused on the producer and distributor of the content. However, in the prescript the law has been amended in such a way that it holds the end user also accountable for any illegal content. The master(prenominal) aim of this condition is to bring out the clear picture and the reason for which the regulation of the pornography has been made. This article is written in order to analyze the basis of the regulation of pornography. Though with the regulation the end users be also liable to possess illegal content or pornography, the legal regulation of the extreme pornography still lies with the producer and distributor of the content. In todays world of information technology and internet pornography has reached both nook and corner of the world. Every person is in the easy access of the pornography - whether it is online or offline. If we look at pornography from a different perspective, one question that comes to our mind is if it harmful or not. In some countries pornography is illegal. However, in some countries, possession of the same is not illegal but the dispersal or publication is.2 In some countries possession is also illegal for certain types of pornography - worry child pornography. In todays world there are various channels through which the pornographic limit are being circulated. The traditional delivery channels are print materials, DVDs, videos, CDs, TV. In the modern generation internet, mobile phones, PDAs are also being included as the channel for the transmission. Censorship in the linked Kingdom If we look at the censorship in the United Kingdom, there are umteen miserly laws that are applicable to varied arena. Since our core topic is related to the laws and regulations in the cyber or internet laws, permit us straight away head towards the topic. The cyber law in the United Kingdom is very stringent. In the United Kingdom, the interne t traffic is being passed through a service called Cleanfeed. The sole purpose of this subprogram is to filter out the content that contains the indecent photographs of children of varied ages.3 Since there is a filter or collar point being introduced, if there are any such scalawags that come up in the internet, the page is not delivered to the end user. Instead of that it shows an error stating URL not found. There are many internet service providers who use WebMinder as well.4 There are few questions that we need to have clarify. to a lower place the English Law, what is called as obscenity? This one question is very important to do. Along with that, to what extent sack the obscene be distinguished from the pornographic? Look at the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, s62. How does this UK statutory formulation compare with the relevant provision elsewhere internationally? Does extreme pornography regulation merit a different treatment in comparison to child pornography? What a lternatives might there be for the regulation of undesirable online content? Could such alternatives provide a better solution to legal intervention? A Multi-Layered Approach Before we talk about the multi-layer approach of governance of pornography and child pornography, we need to know the processes by which pornography and child pornography can be regulated. The regulation of pornography is a debatable topic and the same is arisen in the recent years in relation with the Internet. In the recent days, the

SEMESTER PROJECT Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEMESTER PROJECT - Thesis Proposal ExampleThe food chain is famous for customising and evolving as per the consumer preferences. This ism helped McDonalds succeed in 119 countries, including culturally-sensitive Arabian and South-east Asia nations. Thus, it can be described as unstable.Subway, though an global fast food chain, spread over 98 countries, is narrower than McDonalds, as the former targets the health-conscious customers, who propose to eat fresh. Its nutriment focus made it possible to establish franchises in churches, hospitals etc too. Comparatively, the menu in like manner speaks the same, as the product portfolio includes sandwiches, salads, burgers, sides and haywire drinks (Doctors Associates Inc., 2009). But for the minor modifications to suit the local religious beliefs, not many changes are made in the menu. So, Subway has a more or less(prenominal) stable outlook, as compared to McDonalds.Coming to the boundaries, McDonalds is highly semipermeable and attr acts customers, right from its clown, Ronald and its golden arches welcoming them. The seating arrangement, ambience, the first part of their tagline, Get them in reinforce this ideology. The overturn rates at store level are found to be low, showing its impermeability in this aspect (Francis, 2011).The logo, flashy open board and long working hours bring customers to the outlet. But, the limited number of tables and less store space make Subway unlikely destinations for catching up with friends. It operates more on cover away mode and therefore less permeable than McDonalds. High employee attrition rates have also been observed at Subway, mainly due to low levels of satisfaction, which declare its permeability (Schlosser, 2001).McDonalds has a multifactorial exertion system, which guarantees competitive advantage (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). The laborious and long procedures also make it inflexible. Subway heavily relies on franchising. The complex and inflexible activity system is thus transmitted to the all levels, emphasizing the

Italian renaissance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Italian reincarnation - Research Paper ExampleChronology accounts that the reincarnation marked a drastic change in the community since artists, rulers, and other groups of elites intensified their activities towards improvement of the existing novices in different fields. Notably, da Vinci Da Vinci presumed an abundant function in propulsion of the renaissance activities since his works affected various disciplines that included art and painting, architecture, science, and engineering (Fisher, 2006). The sideline discussion shall evaluate Leonardos influence in the disciplines of history, art, and architecture in the ancient Italian society, and the prevalent influenced that activities continue to decipher in the modern society.Leonardos activities harness him to global recognition. explanation cites that 1452 was Da Vincis year of birth at an Italian city called Vinci. This intelligent artist heavy on matters that influenced the entire world. Debatably, he had a passion to nat ure and science, factors that extensively influenced his artwork (Riding, 2006). The Italian renaissance period would not have been a success in the absence of artists much(prenominal) as Leonardo holding to the fact that he was the first person to paint a picture that bore a landscape (Pernis & Adams, 2006). This approach influenced a major change in artistic painting since all his predecessors started incorporating landscapes and shadows in their pieces of art.History indicates that his artwork bore abundance in delivering the desired perspective in each image. finished his paintings on Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, and the Flying Machine, Da Vinci was able to create knowledgeable to the human society such that his predecessors were able to contemplate how the world would be with a set of realism in the various aspects industrious in the paintings (Austen, 2006). Further, Leonardo was able to influence his successors artistic designs including those of Ambrogio Lorenzetti who emba rked in the profession and

Democratic Origins and Revolutionary Writers, 1776-1820 Essay Example for Free

Democratic Origins and ultra Writers, 1776-1820 Essay pile Fenimore barrel maker (Photo courtesy Library of Congress) The difficult the Statesn Revolution against Britain (1775-1783) was the archetypal modern war of liberation against a colonial power. The triumph of American independence seemed to some(prenominal) a(prenominal) at the date a divine sign that America and her plurality were bandaged for large(p)ness. Military victory fanned nationalistic hopes for a salient parvenu publications. Yet with the exception of dandy political writing, few works of none appe ard during or soon after the Revolution. American books were harshly reviewed in England. Americans were painfully aware of their excessive dependence on slope literary models. The search for a ingrained literature became a national obsession. As one American magazine editor wrote, around 1816, dependance is a state of degradation fraught with disgrace, and to be dependent on a foreign pass for wh at we can ourselves produce is to add to the crime of indolence the weakness of stupidity. Cultural revolutions, un ilk military revolutions, cannot be successfully imposed barely must grow from the soil of shared experience.Revolutions are expressions of the heart of the people they grow in stages out of new-fangled sensibilities and wealth of experience. It would take 50 years of accumulated tosh for America to earn its cultural independence and to produce the first great generation of American sparers cap Irving, pile Fenimore Cooper, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson.Americas literary independence was slowed by a lingering identification with England, an excessive imitation of English or classical literary models, and difficult economic and political conditions that hampered liberateing. Revolutionary writers, despite their sincere patriotism, were of necessity self-cons cious, and they could never find roots in their American sensibilities. Colonial writers of the revolutionary generation had been subjective English, had grown to maturity as English citizens, and had cultivated English modes of thought and English fashions in clothe and behavior.Their parents and grandparents were English (or European), as were all their friends. Added to this, American awareness of literary fashion til now lagged behind the English, and this time lag intensified American imitation. Fifty years after their fame in England, English neoclassic writers a lot(prenominal) as Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Oliver Goldsmith, and Samuel Johnson were still eagerly imitated in America. more(prenominal)over, the heady challenges of building a new nation attracted geniused and educated people to politics, law, and diplomacy.These pursuits b neart honor, glory, and fiscal security. Writing, on the new(prenominal) hand, did not pay. Ear ly American writers, forthwith separated from England, effectively had no modern saveers, no listening, and no adequate legal protection. Editorial assistance, distri simplyion, and promotion were rudimentary. Until 1825, intimately American authors paid issueers to publish their work. Obviously solely the leisured and independently wealthy, like cap Irving and the refreshed York Knickerbocker group, or the group of Connecticut poets k at presentn as the capital of Connecticut Wits, could afford to indulge their arouse in writing.The exception, Benjamin Franklin, though from a poor family, was a printer by trade and could publish his own work. Charles Brockden chocolate-brown was more typical. The author of several evoke black letter romances, Brown was the first American author to attempt to live from his writing. But his short purport ended in poverty. The lack of an audience was another problem. The humble cultivated audience in America wanted well-known European aut hors, partly out of the exaggerated respect with which former colonies regarded their previous rulers.This preference for English works was not all in all unreasonable, considering the inferiority of American output, but it worsened the situation by depriving American authors of an audience. Only journalism offered financial remuneration, but the mass audience wanted light, undemanding verse and short topical essays not long or data- base work. The absence of adequate procure laws was perhaps the clearest cause of literary stagnation. American printers pirating English best-sellers belowstandably were unwilling to pay an American author for unknown material.The unauthorized reprinting of foreign books was primarily seen as a service to the colonies as well as a source of profit for printers like Franklin, who reprinted works of the classics and great European books to educate the American mankind. Printers everywhere in America followed his lead. There are notorious examples of pirating. Matthew Carey, an serious American publisher, paid a London agent a sort of literary spy to send copies of unbound pages, or even proofs, to him in fast get offs that could sail to America in a month.Careys men would sail out to meet the incoming ships in the harbor and speed the pirated booksinto print using typesetters who divided the book into sections and worked in shifts around the clock. Such a pirated English book could be reprinted in a day and posed on the shelves for sale in American bookstores almost as fast as in England.Because imported authorized editions were more expensive and could not compete with pirated ones, the copyright situation damaged foreign authors such as Sir Walter Scott and Charles Dickens, along with American authors. But at least the foreign authors had already been paid by their sea captain publishers and were already well known.Americans such as James Fenimore Cooper not entirely failed to receive adequate payment, but they had to suffer seeing their works pirated under their noses. Coopers first successful book, The Spy (1821), was pirated by quaternary different printers within a month of its appearance. Ironically, the copyright law of 1790, which allowed pirating, was nationalistic in intent. Drafted by Noah Webster, the great lexicographer who later compiled an American dictionary, the law protected only the work of American authors it was snarl that English writers should look out for themselves.Bad as the law was, no(prenominal) of the azoic publishers were willing to invite it changed because it proved profitable for them. Piracy starved the first generation of revolutionary American writers not surprisingly, the generation after them produced even less work of merit.The high point of piracy, in 1815, corresponds with the low point of American writing. Nevertheless, the cheap and plentiful supply of pirated foreign books and classics in the first 50 years of the new country did educate Americ ans, including the first great writers, who began to make their appearance around 1825.THE American ENLIGHTENMENT The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationalness rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy.Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the internal rights of man. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Benjamin Franklin, whom the Scottish philosopher David Hume called Americas first great man of letters, embodied the Enlightenment ideal of humane rationality.Practical up to now idealistic, hard-working and enormously successful, Franklin recorded his early aliveness in his famous recital. Writer, printer, publisher, scientist, philanthropist, and diplomat, he was the most famous and respected private figure of his time. He was the first great self-made man in America, a poor democrat bo rn in an aristocratic age that his fine example helped to liberalize.Franklin was a second-generation immigrant. His Puritan father, a chandler (candle-maker), came to Boston, Massachusetts, from England in 1683. In many ways Franklins life illustrates the impact of the Enlightenment on a gifted individual.Self-educated but well-read in John Locke, Lord Shaftesbury, Joseph Addison, and other Enlightenment writers, Franklin learned from them to apply reason to his own life and to break with tradition in particular the old-fashioned Puritan tradition when it threatened to smother his ideals. bandage a youth, Franklin taught himself languages, read widely, and practiced writing for the public.When he moved from Boston to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Franklin already had the kind of tuition associated with the upper classes. He similarly had the Puritan capacity for hard, careful work, constant self-scrutiny, and the desire to better himself.These qualities steady propelled him to wealth, respectability, and honor. Never selfish, Franklin tried to help other ordinary people become successful by communion his insights and initiating a characteristically American genre the self-help book. Franklins miserable Richards Almanack, begun in 1732 and create for many years, made Franklin comfy and well-known throughout the colonies. In this annual book of useful encouragement, advice, and factual information, amusing characters such as old Father Abraham and Poor Richard exhort the reader in pithy, memorable sayings.In The Way to Wealth, which primitively appeared in the Almanack, Father Abraham, a plain clean old Man, with white Locks, quotes Poor Richard at length. A Word to the Wise is enough, he says. God helps them that help themselves. Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise. Poor Richard is a psychologist (Industry pays Debts, while Despair encreaseth them), and he always counsels hard work (Diligence is the Mother of Go od Luck). Do not be lazy, he advises, for single To-day is worth two tomorrow.Sometimes he creates anecdotes to illustrate his points A little Neglect may breed great Mischief. For want of a Nail the Shoe was befuddled for want of a Shoe the Horse was lost and for want of a Horse the Rider was lost, cosmos overtaken and slain by the Enemy, all for want of Care round a Horse-shoe Nail. Franklin was a genius at compressing a moral point What master(prenominal)tains one Vice, would bring up two Children. A small leak will sink a great Ship. Fools make Feasts, and wise Men eat them. Franklins Autobiography is, in part, another self-help book.Written to advise his son, it covers only the early years. The most famous section describes his scientific scheme of self- improvement. Franklin lists 13 virtues temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, and humility. He elaborates on each with a maxim f or example, the temperance maxim is run not to Dullness. Drink not to Elevation. A pragmatic scientist, Franklin put the idea of perfectibility to the test, using himself as the proveal subject.To set good habits, Franklin invented a reusable calendrical record book in which he worked on one virtue each week, recording each lapse with a black spot. His theory prefigures mental behaviorism, while his systematic method of notation anticipates modern behavior modification. The project of self-improvement blends the Enlightenment whim in perfectibility with the Puritan habit of moral self-scrutiny. Franklin saw early that writing could best advance his ideas, and he therefore deliberately perfected his supple prose style, not as an end in itself but as a tool. Write with the learned.Pronounce with the vulgar, he advised. A scientist, he followed the Royal (scientific) Societys 1667 advice to use a close, naked, natural way of speaking positive expressions, clear senses, a native easiness, bringing all things as some the mathematical plainness as they can. Despite his prosperity and fame, Franklin never lost his democratic sensibility, and he was an important figure at the 1787 convention at which the U. S. Constitution was drafted. In his later years, he was president of an antislavery association. One of his last efforts was to promote universal public education. hector St.John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) Another Enlightenment figure is Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, whose Letters from an American Farmer (1782) gave Europeans a glowing idea of opportunities for peace, wealth, and pride in America. incomplete an American nor a farmer, but a french aristocrat who owned a plantation external New York City before the Revolution, Crevecoeur enthusiastically praised the colonies for their industry, tolerance, and growing prosperity in 12 letters that absorb America as an agrarian paradise a vision that would inspire Thomas Jefferson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, an d many other writers up to the present.Crevecoeur was the earliest European to develop a considered view of America and the new American character. The first to exploit the melting pot image of America, in a famous passage he asks What and so is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that rum mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations.Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and descendants will one day cause changes in the world. THE POLITICAL PAMPHLET Thomas Paine (1737-1809) The passion of Revolutionary literature is found in pamphlets, the most popular form of political literature of the day. Over 2,000 pamphlets were published during the Revolution. The pamphlets thrilled patri ots and threatened loyalists they filled the role of drama, as they were often read aloud in public to excite audiences.American soldiers read them aloud in their camps British Loyalists threw them into public bonfires. Thomas Paines pamphlet commonalty Sense sold over 100,000 copies in the first three months of its publication. It is still rousing today. The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind, Paine wrote, voicing the idea of American especial(a)ism still strong in the United States that in some fundamental sense, since America is a democratic experiment and a country theoretically open to all immigrants, the fate of America foreshadows the fate of humanity at large.Political belles-lettres in a democracy had to be clear to appeal to the voters. And to have sensible voters, universal education was promoted by many of the founding fathers. One indication of the vigorous, if simple, literary life was the proliferation of newspapers. More newspapers w ere read in America during the Revolution than anywhere else in the world. Immigration also mandated a simple style. Clarity was vital to a newcomer, for whom English might be a second language.Thomas Jeffersons original draft of the Declaration of Independence is clear and logical, but his committees modifications made it even simpler. The Federalist Papers, written in stand up of the Constitution, are also lucid, logical arguments, suitable for debate in a democratic nation. NEOCLASSISM EPIC, MOCK EPIC, AND sarcasm Unfortunately, literary writing was not as simple and direct as political writing. When trying to write poetry, most educated authors stumbled into the pitfall of elegant neoclassicism. The epic, in particular, exercised a fatal attraction.American literary patriots matte up sure that the great American Revolution naturally would find expression in the epic a long, dramatic narrative poem in elevated language, celebrating the feats of a legendary hero. Many writers tried but none succeeded. Timothy Dwight (1752-1817), one of the group of writers known as the capital of Connecticut Wits, is an example. Dwight, who eventually became the president of Yale University, establish his epic, The Conquest of Canaan (1785), on the Biblical story of Joshuas struggle to enter the Promised Land.Dwight cast General Washington, air force officer of the American army and later the first president of the United States, as Joshua in his allegory and borrowed the gallus form that Alexander Pope used to translate Homer. Dwights epic was as boring as it was ambitious. English critics demolished it even Dwights friends, such as John Trumbull (1750-1831), remained unenthusiastic. So much thunder and lightning raged in the histrionic battle scenes that Trumbull proposed that the epic be provided with lightning rods. Not surprisingly, satirical poetry fared much better than serious verse.The do by epic genre encouraged American poets to use their natural voices and did not lure them into a grind to a halt of pretentious and predictable patriotic sentiments and faceless ceremonious poetic epithets out of the Greek poet Homer and the romish poet Virgil by way of the English poets. In mock epics like John Trumbulls good-humored MFingal (1776-82), stylized emotions and conventional turns of phrase are ammunition for good satire, and the bombastic oratory of the revolution is itself ridiculed. Modeled on the British poet Samuel Butlers Hudibras, the mock epic derides a Tory, MFingal.It is often pithy, as when noting of condemned criminals facing hanging No man eer felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. MFingal went into over 30 editions, was reprinted for a half-century, and was appreciated in England as well as America. Satire appealed to Revolutionary audiences partly because it contained social comment and criticism, and political topics and social problems were the main subjects of the day. The first American comedy to be perform ed, The Contrast (produced 1787) by Royall Tyler (1757-1826), humorously contrasts Colonel Manly, an American officer, with dimpled chad, who imitates English fashions.Naturally, Dimple is made to look ridiculous. The play introduces the first Yankee character, Jonathan. Another satirical work, the novel Modern Chivalry, published by Hugh Henry Brackenridge in installments from 1792 to 1815, memorably lampoons the excesses of the age. Brackenridge (1748- 1816), a Scottish immigrant raised on the American confines, based his huge, picaresque novel on Don Quixote it describes the misadventures of Captain Farrago and his stupid, brutal, yet appealingly human, servant Teague ORegan. POET OF THE American REVOLUTION Philip Freneau (1752-1832).One poet, Philip Freneau, incorporated the new stirrings of European Romanticism and escaped the imitativeness and vague universality of the Hartford Wits. The key to both his success and his failure was his passionately democratic spirit combined with an inflexible temper. The Hartford Wits, all of them undoubted patriots, reflected the general cultural conservatism of the educated classes. Freneau set himself against this holdover of old Tory attitudes, complaining of the writings of an aristocratic, speculating faction at Hartford, in favor of monarchy and titular distinctions.Although Freneau received a fine education and was as well acquainted with the classics as any Hartford Wit, he embraced liberal and democratic causes. From a Huguenot (radical French Protestant) background, Freneau fought as a militiaman during the Revolutionary War. In 1780, he was captured and imprisoned in two British ships, where he almost died before his family managed to get him released. His poem The British Prison Ship is a bitter disapproval of the cruelties of the British, who wished to stain the world with gore. This piece and other revolutionary works, including Eutaw Springs, American Liberty, A Political Litany, A Midnight Consultatio n, and George the Thirds Soliloquy, brought him fame as the Poet of the American Revolution. Freneau edited a number of journals during his life, always mindful of the great cause of democracy.When Thomas Jefferson helped him establish the militant, anti-Federalist National Gazette in 1791, Freneau became the first powerful, crusading newspaper editor in America, and the literary predecessor of William Cullen Bryant, William Lloyd Garrison, and H.L. Mencken. As a poet and editor, Freneau adhered to his democratic ideals. His popular poems, published in newspapers for the average reader, regularly celebrated American subjects.The moral excellence of Tobacco concerns the indigenous plant, a mainstay of the southern economy, while The Jug of Rum celebrates the alcoholic inebriety of the West Indies, a crucial commodity of early American trade and a major New World export. Common American characters lived in The Pilot of Hatteras, as well as in poems somewhat quack doctors and bomba stic evangelists.Freneau commanded a natural and colloquial style appropriate to a genuine democracy, but he could also rise to refined neoclassic lyricism in often-anthologized works such as The Wild Honeysuckle (1786), which evokes a sweet-smelling native shrub. Not until the American Renaissance that began in the 1820s would American poetry surpass the heights that Freneau had scaled 40 years originally. Additional groundwork for later literary achievement was laid during the early years. Nationalism inspired publications in many fields, leading to a new appreciation of things American.Noah Webster (1758-1843) devised an American Dictionary, as well as an important reader and speller for the schools. His Spelling hold back sold more than 100 million copies over the years. Updated Websters dictionaries are still standard today.The American Geography, by Jedidiah Morse, another landmark reference work, promoted knowledge of the wide and expanding American land itself. Some of th e most interesting if nonliterary writings of the menses are the journals of frontiersmen and explorers such as Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) andZebulon Pike (1779-1813), who wrote accounts of expeditions across the Louisiana Territory, the vast portion of the North American continent that Thomas Jefferson purchased from Napoleon in 1803. WRITERS OF FICTION.The first important legend writers widely recognized today, Charles Brockden Brown, Washington Irving, and James Fenimore Cooper, used American subjects, historical perspectives, themes of change, and nostalgic tones. They wrote in many prose genres, initiated new forms, and found new ways to make a living through literature. With them, American literature began to be read and appreciated in the United States and abroad.Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810) Already mentioned as the first headmaster American writer, Charles Brockden Brown was inspired by the English writers Mrs. Radcliffe and English William Godwin. (Radcliffe was known for her terrifying Gothic novels a novelist and social reformer, Godwin was the father of Mary Shelley, who wrote Frankenstein and married English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. ) Driven by poverty, Brown hastily penned four haunting novels in two years Wieland (1798), Arthur Mervyn (1799), Ormond (1799), and Edgar Huntley (1799). In them, he developed the genre of American Gothic.The Gothic novel was a popular genre of the day featuring exotic and wild climbs, disturbing psychological depth, and much suspense. Trappings included ruined castles or abbeys, ghosts, mysterious secrets, threatening figures, and solitary maidens who survive by their marbles and spiritual strength. At their best, such novels offer tremendous suspense and hints of magic, along with profound explorations of the human intellect in extremity. Critics suggest that Browns Gothic sensibility expresses deep anxieties about the inadequate social institutions of the new nation.Brown used distinctively American settings. A man of ideas, he dramatized scientific theories, developed a private theory of fiction, and championed high literary standards despite personal poverty. Though flawed, his works are darkly powerful. Increasingly, he is seen as the precursor of romantic writers like Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. He expresses subconscious fears that the outwardly optimistic Enlightenment period drove underground. Washington Irving (1789-1859).The youngest of 11 children born to a well-to-do New York merchant family, Washington Irving became a cultural and diplomatic ambassador to Europe, like Benjamin Franklin and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Despite his talent, he probably would not have become a full-time professional writer, given the lack of financial rewards, if a series of unintended incidents had not thrust writing as a profession upon him. Through friends, he was able to publish his Sketch Book (1819-1820) simultaneously in England and America, obtaining cop yrights and payment in both countries.The Sketch Book of Geoffrye crayon (Irvings pseudonym) contains his two best remembered stories, Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Sketch aptly describes Irvings delicate, elegant, yet seemingly casual style, and crayon suggests his ability as a colorist or creator of rich, nuanced tones and emotional effects. In the Sketch Book, Irving transforms the Catskill Mountains along the Hudson River north of New York City into a fabulous, magical region. American readers gratefully original Irvings imagined history of the Catskills, despite the fact (unknown to them) that he had adapted his stories from a German source.Irving gave America something it badly indispensable in the brash, materialistic early years an imaginative way of relating to the new land. No writer was as successful as Irving at humanizing the land, endowing it with a name and a face and a set of legends. The story of Rip Van Winkle, who slept for 20 years, waking to find the colonies had become independent, eventually became folklore. It was adapted for the stage, went into the oral tradition, and was gradually accepted as authentic American legend by generations of Americans. Irving discovered and helped satisfy the raw new nations sense of history.His numerous works may be seen as his devoted attempts to build the new nations someone by recreating history and giving it living, breathing, imaginative life. For subjects, he chose the most dramatic aspects of American history the find of the New World, the first president and national hero, and the westward exploration. His earliest work was a sparkling, satirical invoice of New York (1809) under the Dutch, ostensibly written by Diedrich Knickerbocker (hence the name of Irvings friends and New York writers of the day, the Knickerbocker School).James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) James Fenimore Cooper, like Irving, evoked a sense of the past and gave it a local habitation and a name. In Coope r, though, one finds the powerful fable of a golden age and the poignance of its loss. While Irving and other American writers before and after him scoured Europe in search of its legends, castles, and great themes, Cooper grasped the essential myth of America that it was timeless, like the wilderness. American history was a trespass on the eternal European history in America was a reenactment of the fall in the Garden of Eden.The cyclical realm of nature was glimpsed only in the act of destroying it The wilderness disappeared in front of American eyes, vanishing before the oncoming pioneers like a mirage. This is Coopers basic tragic vision of the ironic destruction of the wilderness, the new Eden that had attracted the colonists in the first place. personalized experience enabled Cooper to write vividly of the transformation of the wilderness and of other subjects such as the sea and the clash of peoples from different cultures. The son of a Quaker family, he grew up on his fath ers remote solid ground at Otsego Lake (now Cooperstown) in central New York State.Although this area was relatively peaceful during Coopers boyhood, it had once been the scene of an Indian massacre. Young Fenimore Cooper grew up in an almost feudal environment. His father, Judge Cooper, was a landowner and leader. Cooper saw frontiersmen and Indians at Otsego Lake as a boy in later life, bold white settlers intruded on his land. Natty Bumppo, Coopers renowned literary character, embodies his vision of the frontiersman as a gentleman, a Jeffersonian natural aristocrat. Early in 1823, in The Pioneers, Cooper had begun to discover Bumppo.Natty is the first famous frontiersman in American literature and the literary forerunner of countless cowboy and backwoods heroes. He is the idealized, upright laissez-faire(a) who is better than the society he protects. Poor and isolated, yet pure, he is a touchstone for ethical set and prefigures Herman Melvilles Billy Budd and Mark Twains Huck Finn. Based in part on the real life of American pioneer Daniel Boone who was a Quaker like Cooper Natty Bumppo, an outstanding woodsman like Boone, was a peaceful man adopted by an Indian tribe.Both Boone and the fictional Bumppo loved nature and freedom. They evermore kept moving west to escape the oncoming settlers they had guided into the wilderness, and they became legends in their own lifetimes. Natty is also chaste, high-minded, and deeply spiritual He is the Christian knight of medieval romances transposed to the virgin forest and fierce soil of America. The unifying thread of the five novels collectively known as the Leather-Stocking Tales is the life of Natty Bumppo.Coopers finest achievement, they make out a vast prose epic with the North American continent as setting, Indian tribes as characters, and great wars and westward migration as social background. The novels bring to life frontier America from 1740 to 1804. Coopers novels portray the successive waves of the frontier settlement the original wilderness inhabited by Indians the arrival of the first whites as scouts, soldiers, traders, and frontiersmen the coming of the poor, rough settler families and the final arrival of the middle class, bringing the first professionals the judge, the physician, and the banker.Each incoming wave displaced the earlier Whites displaced the Indians, who retreated westward the civilized middle classes who erected schools, churches, and jails displaced the lower-class individualistic frontier folk, who moved further west, in turn displacing the Indians who had preceded them. Cooper evokes the endless, inevitable wave of settlers, seeing not only the gains but the losses. Coopers novels reveal a deep tension between the lone individual and society, nature and culture, spirituality and organized religion.In Cooper, the natural world and the Indian are fundamentally good as is the highly civilized realm associated with his most cultured characters. Intermedi ate characters are often suspect, especially greedy, poor white settlers who are too innumerate or unrefined to appreciate nature or culture. Like Rudyard Kipling, E. M. Forster, Herman Melville, and other sensitive observers of widely change cultures interacting with each other, Cooper was a cultural relativist. He understood that no culture had a monopoly on virtue or refinement. Cooper accepted the American condition while Irving did not.Irving addressed the American setting as a European might have by importing and adapting European legends, culture, and history. Cooper took the mould a step farther. He created American settings and new, distinctively American characters and themes. He was the first to sound the repeat tragic note in American fiction. WOMEN AND MINORITIES Although the colonial period produced several women writers of note, the revolutionary era did not further the work of women and minorities, despite the many schools, magazines, newspapers, and literary cl ubs that were springing up.Colonial women such as Anne Bradstreet, Anne Hutchinson, Ann Cotton, and Sarah Kemble Knight exerted enormous social and literary influence in spite of primitive conditions and dangers of the 18 women who came to America on the ship Mayflower in 1620, only four survived the first year. When every able-bodied person counted and conditions were fluid, innate talent could find expression. But as cultural institutions became formalized in the new republic, women and minorities gradually were excluded from them.Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) Given the hardships of life in early America, it is ironic that some of the best poetry of the period was written by an exceptional slave woman. The first African-American author of importance in the United States, Phillis Wheatley was born in Africa and brought to Boston, Massachusetts, when she was about seven, where she was purchased by the pious and wealthy tailor John Wheatley to be a companion for his wife. The Whea tleys recognized Philliss unusual inte.

Many of the characters in Of Mice and Men have dreams Essay Example for Free

Many of the characters in Of Mice and Men ingest reveries Es check outMany of the characters in Of Mice and Men dumbfound conceive ofs. What ar their hallucinations and how near ar any of them to achieving what they want?Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck is a classic novel set in a counterpane t take in Salinas Valley, California. The novel may behave been set here as a topic of most of Steinbecks childhood creation spent on his fathers farmland. His descriptions of the setting leave have been aided by his first hand experience of the feastes of the bea. The novel itself docu workforcets the lives of Lennie Small and George Milton. With Lennie being mentally challenged he has the psychological capabilities of a five year old. This means he has to be shared for by George because he acts infantile and irresponsibly. For this reason, he much causes commotion within the ranch he is adding. On many occasions prison-breaking has occurred and occurs, George and Lennie are forced to leave their current ranch and start again at a brand- red-hot single.As they are always moving around, they never have a secure occupancy and are always staying in temporary accommodation. With each time they move to a different ranch they fancy more and more of having their own piece of land where they can be their own bosses and live mangle the crops they grow. This is shown by this quote, and we can live off the fatta the lan said by George. This is only one of the many aspirations that peculiarity in Of Mice and Men, however non one of the stargazes featured in this novel are achieved. This reflected the harsh reality of the vast Depression and the racial prejudice in society at the time.Steinbeck set Of Mice and Men during the Great Depression, in the late 1920s and the 1930s. Many migrants came to California, from other parts of the world looking for work as America was seen as the Land of Opportunity. This glimpse of hope inspired many Eur opeans to emigrate as Europe, at the time, was everywherecrowded and disease ridden. America was believed to provide cheap land and no rigid class structure existed. These characteristics gave Europeans the adventure of a completely different way of life to what they were used to.In 1929, America entered a lengthy period of economic deprivation due to the collapse of the New York stock exchange, The Wall Street Crash. future(a) The Wall Street Crash, many Americans who had invested great deals of money into stocks and shares deep in thought(p) almost all of their investments. In whatsoever cases, people would have lost their houses and life savings. During The Great Depression, failed businesses and long-term unemployment were of the norm. The hopes of those immigrants, who came to America looking for a new life, were dashed by this tragic event. America was certainly not the Land of Opportunity.George and Lennie travelled from ranch to ranch to instituteher. This was unusual as most ranch doers would only usually work at one ranch for no longer than a month or two. They would literally not have the time for fri remaindership. This was one of the reasons that the average workers dream was for any(prenominal) sort of companionship. The circumstance that George and Lennie had travelled together so long is crucial as they lived the dream of so many other workers. It would give them the chance of having an alternative dream, one of owning their own land on which they could live off.When travelling from ranch to ranch workers could not carry many possessions and so had nothing to show for their years of working. They would work and work but not really achieve much. They would elapse the money they earned and then earn some more and repeat. This is illustrated in the quote, ..work up a involvement and blow the stake. A dream would be important as it would give a worker something to work towards instead of working with no real direction in their life.Many of the characters in the novel have dreams. The dream is a form of escape from reality of life. As previously stated, George and Lennies dream is to have a piece of land that they can call their own, tend it, grow crops and raise animals. However, Lennie specifically dreams of caring for rabbits. This shows his immaturity. He says, An have rabbits George is always repeating this dream to Lennie. When he does depict the dream to Lennie, he uses exaggerative language and gets heterogeneous in the dream almost as much as Lennie. Both George and Lennie flummox excited when the dream is recalled. They swear, Well just say the hell with going to work , animating their eagerness to fulfil their dream.George and Lennies dream eventually fails. This is for a number of reasons. It is mainly because Lennie is such a burden to George. Because of Lennies mental incapability, he has no idea that he is making Georges life miserable. George says, Course Lennies a God damn nuisance most of the ti me, but you get used to goin around with a guy an you set up get rid of him George is being held back by Lennie as they are constantly forced to change jobs, because of situations the Lennie gets them in to and therefore they cant stay in work long enough to build up any sort of savings. The result of this is that they can not save up the money to achieve the dream.Lennie has limited social skills and so does not know how to interact with people. Instead, he finds comfort in touching things and is too tactile. This causes trouble as Lennie often touches womens clothes and is misunderstood and seen to be abusive. For this reason, George has to keep a constant eye on Lennie.When glaze over makes the proffer of entering their dream in exchange for three ampere-second dollars, George suddenly sees some possibility of the dream succeeding. Before, he had merely used the dream as a pacifier for Lennie and had lulled himself into believing that it may hand so that he could continue br inging hope to Lennie. I deliberate that sub-consciously he always knew that the dream would never be a reality. With Candys financial input, the dream could realistically be achieved within the month. However, an abrupt end to their hopes arrives. Lennie, in his child same(p) way, cannot conceive of the line where stroking stops and hurting begins in terms of petting, and he ends up accidently killing two animals by petting them violently. Most horrifically, at the climax of the story, he kills Curlys married woman in the same way.The fact that he killed her was the final blow to the dream. I imply I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed wed never do her, George says as he realizes the dream is inevitable. Lennie was necessarily going to be hunted bug out and shot on site. George, who is forced to join the manhunt for Lennie, decides that the kindest way discover for both(prenominal) him and Lennie is to kill him when he finds him. He does this by luring Lennie into a false state of trust by reciting their dream to him one last time. This sends Lennie off into death with his dream in his head. You can argue in some way Lennie has achieved his dream.Curlys married woman has a dream common to the period and today. She believes that she has the talent to become a Hollywood actress. She was convinced of this as when she was younger she acquainted herself with a Hollywood director who deemed her suitable to be an actress in the movies. This is shown in a quote taken from a passage spoken by Curlys wife, An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pitchers took of me..An all them nice clothes they wear. Because this guy said I was a natural. This guy told her she would receive a letter from him explaining where to meet to develop her acting career. Her explanation of why she didnt become an actress is idealistic at best. She believed that her mother stole that letter. However, this is an optimistic justification.It just so happens that shortly after C urleys wife was given the hope of becoming an actress, she met Curley. When she realised that her dream of becoming an actress was truly over, she decided to marry Curley. She may have done this as, at the time, it was very difficult for a woman to get a job and live on her own. The main profession of women then was housewife.Most women would marry a modest worker but marrying a rich man who owned a ranch was a bonus. Life would be easy for Curleys wife as she would not have to lift a finger. As there was such discrimination towards women, Curleys wife found herself being ignored by the men on the ranch. She was not remunerative much attention by Curley and was seen by him as more of a trophy than a wife. These are the main reasons that Curleys wife is not happy. She openly expresses that she does not even love Curley. I dont like Curley. She decline that she married him in the first location.She was not able to speak to anyone during the day as all of the men were out on the fie lds working. This causes her to be extremely lonely. At any chance she can she will speak to soul. When she speaks to Lennie in the barn, she says, Why cant I take to task to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely. This shows that she craves friendship. She is often prying on the men just looking for someone to talk to. She justifies this by saying to Slim Hi, good lookin. Im tryin to find Curley, Slim.The fact that she does not even have a name and is instead referred to as Curleys wife shows her status on the ranch. It shows that she is so insignificant that she is not even deemed important enough to warrant a real name. She is looked down on and shown no esteem by most of the men on the ranch. She also has the dream to be treated as adequate to the men on the ranch.This is similar to Crooks dream. He just wants to be accepted by everyone else on the ranch. However, both Crooks and Curleys wife have similar dreams which would lead you to think that they would sympathise with each other. The reality is quite opposite. Curleys wife approaches Crooks in an aggressive manor and speaks to him in a demoralising way. She says, Well you keep your place, then Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even comical She perhaps speaks to Crooks with no respect as he is the only individual on the ranch over whom she has a higher status.Crooks and Candy try to enter George and Lennies dream. They both do this for their own reasons. Candy is disturbed about his future on the ranch. He believes that is nearing the microscope stage of becoming useless to the ranch owner. He ask some security so that when he does become of no use, he can settle down somewhere. Crooks feels socially isolated and needs to go somewhere that he will be treated as an equal. George, Lennie and Candy do not discriminate against Crooks as much as most. This is the reason that he would feel comfortable living in a house with them.Candy, when he enters the d ream, provides financial power. He has three hundred dollars that he is willing to invest in the dream. When he first tries to join the dream, George responds in a damaging and coy way. He says You know a place like that? Candy Spose I do? Whats that to you? George. However, when George considers Candys proposition, he starts to think that the dream may actually become a reality. Candy is afraid that if he does not get somewhere that he can retire to, he may have no one to care for him. Eventually he will be seen of no use and disposed of, much like his dog.Crooks joins the dream as he feels he needs a shelter from society, somewhere that he is accepted for the person that he is and not judged by his skin colour or his disability. Crooks has no status and is treated with no respect on the ranch. He is frustrated with all of the racism directed towards him. He says, If I say something, why, its just a nigger saying itCrooks had a taste of equality when he was a child. He was accepte d by white children and has perhaps not accepted the fact that he is now a social outcast. He says, The white kids come to play at our place, an sometimes I went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice He remembers what it was like to be an equal and wants to experience that feeling again. This is one of the reasons the Crooks joins the dream.Candy will soon be too old and frail to keep his job at the ranch. The fact that he only has one hand means that his job opportunities are very limited. He, much like Crooks, has no one in his life. He just watches workers come and go from the ranch. He would have somewhere to belong if he joined the dream. This is a very important psychologically as having a place to call home can give Candy a reason to carry on living. every last(predicate) of these characters have dreams and their dreams are important to them. They all give their character some sort of goal to read for and a light at the end of the tunnel. I believe Steinbeck is trying to make a point by including all of these dreams. I think he is trying to say that without dreams, we are all lost in our lives. We all need some sort of dream to keep us motivated. I think the novel was written to show the stranglehold that the Great Depression had on America in the 1930s. It also shows how hard the life of an itinerant worker was. Of Mice and Men was very a descriptive and informative book. It make me realise that dreams, however small or big, are vital in life.

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of the eat texture perseverance EssayBrand History Breakfast caryopsiss atomic number 18 not a undiversified product. The ready-to-eat breakfast grain diligence may be characterized by relatively low economies of scale and relatively low levels of technology. In other words, the entry into this industry is easy. Between the 1950s and the 1970s there was no entry of new firms in the industry even though all the incumbent firms such as Kellogg, General mill about, General Foods and Quaker Oats, made significant pelf.Later however, there was the entry of new low-end companies in the securities industrys and the number of brands sold by these firms withal increased substantially from 25 to more than 80, and this number is unflurried on a rise (Cabral, 2000, p. 265-266). Pricing trends For decades the breakfast cereal market was one of the most economic in the United States. The industry had a consolidated structure dominated by Kellogg, General move an d Kraft Foods with its Post brand.Strong brand loyalty, coupled with control over the tryst of supermarket ledge space, helped to hold in the potential for new entry. Meanwhile the steady demand growth of around 3% per annum kept the industry revenues expanding. Also Kellogg, which accounted for over 40 percent of the market share, acted as the expenditure leader in the industry for years in the industry. Every year Kellogg increased cereal prices, its rivals followed and industry profits as easily as remained high.However, this complaisant structure started to change in the early 1990s when the growth in demand slowed and then stagnated as the lifestyle and hence food patterns changed and the market saw the rise of powerful discounters such as Wal-Mart that started promoting their witness brand of cereal. As sales of cheaper store-brand cereals began to take-ff, supermarkets no longer were as dependent on brand name to bring in traffic and hence they started to demand lower prices from the branded cereal manufacturers.Initially, the branded cereal manufacturers tried to hold against these adverse trends. However, in 1996 Kraft which was then owned by Philip Morris aggressively interrupt prices by 20 % for its Post brand in am attempt to gain market share. Kellogg intelligence followed with a 19 percent price cut on two-third of its brands and General mill around quickly did the same. However, this too did not change the consumption pattern the growth rates of which remained flat and revenues then started going cut back for all the branded cereals (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52).The trend continued in 2000s in like manner and the situation worsened with the private-label sales proceed to make inroads, gaining over 10 percent of the market. To top it all off, the sales of breakfast cereals started to contract at 1 percent per annum and the period between 1998-2001 saw the market leader Kellogg sliding down to the second position for the first time in i ts history since its inception in 1906, by General mill that continued to launch expensive price and promotion campaigns. To cover the rising cost General Mills raised prices in 2001 and competitors soon followed the trend.However, both Kellogg and General Mills tried to move further onward from price competition in the industry by diversifying and focusing on brand extensions such as Special K on the behalf of Kellogg and new varieties of Cheerios. Special K was instrumental and helping Kellogg recapturing its market lead position from General Mills and this renewed focus on non-price competition halted years of damaging price warfare (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). Target markets The breakfast cereal industry targets several diverse markets but focuses upon two largish ones namely the baby boomers and their children.Since a high proportion of the baby boomers are highly educated, health appeals are paramount. Thus many brands develop placed emphasis on unhomogeneous types of oat- bran cereal. The other sizeable market, targeted to children is also highly developed. Various brands have fortunately used sports personality and trade characters such as Tony the tiger to attract the children towards their products and retain brand loyalty. The breakfast cereal industry has been adept at target market segmentation and promoting favorable brand images.The strategy of the overall industry especially Kellogg, the market leader, has been to provide a comprehensive assortment for the retailers targeting specific market segments (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 109-111) Competition Breakfast cereal industry faces competition from take hold breakfast products such as bagels, muffins, doughnuts etc. These have in fact led to a subside in the growth of the breakfast cereal industry. The industry also faces competition from frozen waffles, pancakes, and French make merry brands which have proved to be a concern both in the past and the present.Many analysts trade that the comp etition is imputable to the change in dietary habits, though some also say that this has been due to th increase in cereal prices for the branded segment (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 112-113). Advertisements and Promotional activities From the time of WH Kellogg, the breakfast cereal industry has been dependent on marketing strategies and expensive promotions. In fact in 1909 itself the advertisement cypher of Kellogg had reached 1 million per annum. Needless to say this is a major problem in the industry which has perplex price sensitive in present times.This activity has led to a decrease in profits and considering that the market share has not increased since the 1990s, this has become even more of a problem. There were also many insufficiencies generated by coupons and in-store promotions. For instance, more than 95 percent of the cereal coupons were thrown away and not redeemed and approximately half of the promotional expenditures did not reach the consumers in the form of low er prices. Because of these inefficiencies, as well as congressional investigations and competitive treats, the breakfast cereal industry has moved to lower prices.As the returns bring in by the cereal manufacturers exceed most other grocery products, there is fierce competition among manufacturers (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 113-114). Factors modify to success and failure There are a combination of variables that contribute to the successes and failure of the breakfast cereal industry. These variables and strategies include innovation, target-market segmentation, image, physical environment resources, and human resources. Such factors must be combined in various degrees for success. The breakfast cereal industry has shown innovation in product and publicity strategies.In addition to this, breakfast snack bars are a new innovation. The image of the breakfast cereal industry has been lordly enough to withstand the assault of private-label brand sot a large extent. Also cereal manufa cturers with their successful track records and huge advertisement budgets do not have much difficulty in convert retailers to give their new product introduction a chance. In 1970s, Kellogg designed shelf space allocation programs for supermarkets. Sophisticated computers and programs developed by members of the breakfast cereal industry now help to allocate shelf space according to turnover.The breakfast cereal industry has also been successful in designing packaging for shipping and for display purposes. To sell their product brands and retain the company brand value, the breakfast cereal manufacturers have developed the strategy that links the brand name to the company name instead to identifying brand products by their individual brand names. For instance, Kelloggs Rice Krispies and Special K, as well as General Mills Total Raisin Bran and Total Corn Flakes use this strategy. To fend off private brand competition by offering product line depth and high brand identification (Mic hman, Mazze, 1999, p. 114-115).

Research Method for Computing & Technology Essay Example for Free

Research Method for Computing Technology Essay2.0 instaurationNowadays, commonwealth prefer to fashion education online instead of looking at catalogue or books. For example, woman would prefer to look for sales resolution online instead of looking at the catalogue that delivers to the house. Not all(a) of the household testament get the mails for packaging of the month because whatsoever postman give throw the mails past as these cases had already happened according to The Star news on Sunday, 21st of July 2013.This website is proposed for user to shop and screw obtain easily. The main purpose of this website is to provide the reading of the malls in Malaysia. The instruction includes sales event, surgical operation machinate by third party or finicky mall, the mall map etc. There ar few confusable websites handle www.midvalley.com.my , www.onestopmalaysia.com and www.offerstation.com. These websites provided show either their own particular mall cultur e only or sales promotion only.This website is a combine and improve version of these existing websites as there argon m each improvements argon infallible for it. Besides, it will include favorable function like allowing user to post comment or sharing spot by using Facebook account at the sales event area so that others terminate read and up to date anytime instead of go to the arrangement personally to check out the event as non people now overtake most of the time working and rest at home after that.Other than that, user potful check out the mall map as well so they could able to know whether the computer storage they looking for exist in the mall. The details of the to a greater extentovert in include the location of the store in the mall, stores telephone number and brief explanation of the store. The picture of the store entrance and the shop compress will be provided too. In conclusion, this website will act as a shopping and event line that allow shoppers to shop smart and save on time.3.0 Project BackgroundI got this idea to acquire the website while I am looking for promotion online. There are many similar websites but the information are not complete. One of the example is user cannot post comment for the particular event which I always wanted to know what is going on the event or how is theatmosphere there. I always hope that there is a photo sharing function under the event post.This proposed arrangement is created for user to shop easily and hunt for sales event easily. Many people do not know when the sales will be but once they browse this website, they could easily get the information they want. As well as they control some inquiry near products or others, they may but give them a call by searching the phone number from the website. This proposed website basically act as a shopping guide for user by showing all the related information.There are some difficulties while deciding the structure of the proposed website. My idea was providing information but I was told that my course is net Media Technology. Hence, I should include multimedia or social network. Then, I have change my idea from only information to posting up event poster, flash banner etc. User can as well as connect with Facebook and post comment at certain area.4.0 Problem StatementThe usual problems that faced by shoppers are where is the location, what is the operating hours, how is the atmosphere there, what promotion is going on etc. They will spend some time to search for the information and reconsider whether it is worth to go.4.1 Problem DescriptionThis proposed website will include information that is directed by shoppers. For instance, shopper might take some time to walk almost the mall when they are not familiar with it. With this website, it could become a guide for them so they do not need to waste time walking around the mall and might end up with nothing.Besides, the information like telephone number is useful too. Shop pers do not need to worry when they face any problems about the stuffs they bought. They can just call to the store for inquiry just by only search this website.5.0 Project AimTo provide users every useful information in malls.6.0 ObjectiveTo allow users to look for the information in each mall within Malaysia.To support users to save time on shopping and shop smartly.To give more information on the events which will hold in the mall.To share the tips about the event which is going on.To provide the floor plan to user and assist them to shop.7.0 Research Question1. How social networks are useful for website?2. What kind of information will be show in website?3. What are the guidelines to succor shoppers to shop easily?4. Can the stores telephone number be found on other websites?5. Which methodology is suitable for this proposed project?6. How long will it takes to develop this website?7. Which package tools are needed to develop this website?8. What are the functions of the so ftware?8.0 Project exploitation Plan8.1 Domain DesignThe major information of my project is about shopping malls in Malaysia while the minor area is allowing social network user to post comment for the event, which will be showed if there is. My targeted domains for this project are local residents, exitlers and shopaholics. One of the similar website is One Stop Malaysia. This website contains most of the information of Malaysia which are like foods, education, travel guide etc. For instance, their travel guide blog post allows visitor to post comment. The comment area is embedded with Blogspot while for my project, I will allow Facebook user to connect for posting comment so that they do not need to create account or fill in their particular details just to post a comment.To sum up this, my project contains most of the shopping information suchas malls location, sales event, performance event and so on. Visitors can post comment for the sales event. Therefore, the others can tak e the comment as reference. Comment like left only big sizes might help those who are petites, so they do not need to waste time and petrol to head over the sales event location after their working hours. This feature is specially made for visitor to share their experience or status about their shopping trip. Visitors can similarly share the useful tips at the comment area. Other than that, visitors also can have other information from the website such as the malls information. For example, visitor can look for the particular store location from the website. It will show the exact floor and the store telephone number as these information cannot be easily search.8.2 Technical DesignNow days, there are a pot of software development methodology such as SDLC ( system of rules development life cycle), Rapid Application Development (RAD), Agile Methodology and others. I will choose Prototyping Methodology for this project as Prototyping has more benefits for a web-based system as it is more suitable for system develop by website. Prototyping methodology is usually utilize for system that tends to be modified during the development of the system. By using this type of methodology, the development of it will decidedly get a higher user satisf follow out results because the errors are fixed when it is found during the development process. This action can actually lower down the percentage risk of failure. This methodology required to collect feedbacks from user. This could exposes developers to potentiality future system enhancements because they know and gained the problems feedbacks as well as bad comment.Next, the tools that I will be using for development of this project are adobe Dreamweaver, adobe Flash and Adobe Photoshop. All this software functions are taught by my lecturers. Therefore, I am familiar with the functions and feature from the software. I will be label and designing the layout of the project by using Adobe Dreamweaver. It is a website deve lopment tools which has most of the features. While Adobe Photoshop is an editing software for photos and pictures. I will be using it for Postersediting. Last but not least, Adobe Flash is for creating the banners for advertisement or greetings. I will be using it to make my project more interesting.9.0 data Collection Plan9.1 Primary Data CollectionFocus group would be sizable for carrying out the primary data collection for user requirement of the website. This technique requires a group of people that met the requirement and fulfill the criteria which is related to shopping in order to carry out a fair research. These participants are required to spend some time for a short survey. This is to find out what existing consumers think and what they feel according to the questions asked. After that, participants will gather around the table and start discussing some topics and provide a range or views. Participants should express their own emotions and feelings honestly and openl y as the answers are all private and kept confidential.Next, the questionnaire is also an ideal technique to perform quantitative and qualitative research. This is an dirt cheap way as it does not cost too much and it saves a lot of time. The questionnaires can be distribute at shopping malls and collect from shoppers after they are done for it. By showing the appreciation, a small gift like discount vouchers could be given to the shoppers and it is also a way to draw in shoppers to do the questionnaire.Focus Group Discussion1. What function do you need in malls guide and promotion website? Explain why do you need that?2. If this website is build, how often will you browse it?3. What kind of information do you wish to see in this website?4. Which is your ideal similar website now? Explain why?9.2 Secondary Data CollectionThere are few sources for secondary data like books, journals, website, newspaper etc. masses now do more reading on internet as most of theinformation can searc h through there. Researcher can actually read or reference the work in website to get some inspiration there. Example websites are offerstation.com, midvalley.com.my and etc.10.0 Personal ReflectionLimitations and challenges are the problems that police detective will meet during the development. Researcher has not much knowledge on building a utilitarian website. Thus, this will be affecting process. Researcher has to look and understand the coding from websites or other projects that are done by expertise, as the information could be helpful.Studying the code and understanding them has become a challenge for me in order to complete the proposed system because I have not done any website which is linked to social networks like Facebook and Twitter. This feature requires special coding to embed them to the website. I will have to reference the other websites that has similar function.Lastly, different browsers like Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, Opera and others have their own te chnical issues and structures when browsing websites. This will take some time to test the proposed website in each browser and check the problems occur. As mentioned, there are many different browsers but Google Chrome is the most common browser in market. Thus, I have choose Google Chrome for the ideal choice to build this proposed website.11.0 ConclusionIn conclusion, this proposed website is proposed to help users on shopping. There are few similar website but they have not much information. I have jotted down all the useful information which gather from other websites and will apply them to this proposed system as an enhancement.12.0 References1. BEH, Y. H. 2013. Thousands of undelivered mail dumped in leafy Ukay Heights ravine. online 21st of July. Available at http//www.thestar.com.my/News/ realm/2013/07/21/Postmans-service-goes-downhi